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Bulk Parameters,
Orbital Parameters, Observational Parameters, Mean
Orbital Elements, Magnetosphere, Atmosphere.
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| Bulk Parameters | Jupiter | Earth | Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) |
| Mass (1024 kg) | 1898.6 | 5.9736 | 317.83 |
| Volume (1010 km3) | 143128 | 108.321 | 1321.33 |
| Equatorial Radius (km) | 71492 | 6378.1 | 11.209 |
| Polar radius (km) | 66854 | 6356 | 10.517 |
| Volumetric mean radius (km) | 69911 | 6371.0 | 10.973 |
| Ellipticity | 0.06487 | 0.0034 | 19.36 |
| Mean density (kg/m3) | 1326 | 5515 | 0.240 |
| Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) | 23.12 | 9.78 | 2.364 |
| Escape velocity (km/s) | 59.5 | 11.19 | 5.32 |
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) | 126.686 | 0.3986 | 317.8 |
| Bond albedo | 0.343 | 0.306 | 1.12 |
| Visual geometric albedo | 0.52 | 0.367 | 1.42 |
| Visual magnitude V (1,0) | -9.40 | -3.86 | - |
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) | 50.50 | 1367.6 | 0.037 |
| Black-body temperature (K) | 110.0 | 254.3 | 0.433 |
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) | 0.254 | 0.3308 | 0.768 |
| J2 (x 10-6) | 14736 | 1082.63 | 13.611 |
| Orbital Parameters | Jupiter | Earth | Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) |
| Semimajor axis (106 km) | 778.57 | 149.6 | 5.204 |
| Sidereal orbit period (days) | 4332.589 | 365.256 | 11.862 |
| Tropical orbit period (days) | 4330.595 | 356.242 | 11.857 |
| Perihelion (106 km) | 740.52 | 147.1 | 5.034 |
| Aphelion (106 km) | 816.62 | 152.1 | 5.369 |
| Synodic period (days) | 398.88 | - | - |
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) | 13.07 | 29.79 | 0.439 |
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) | 13.72 | 30.29 | 0.453 |
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) | 12.44 | 29.29 | 0.425 |
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 1.304 | 0.00 | - |
| Orbit eccentricity | 0.0489 | 0.0167 | 2.928 |
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) | 9.9250* | 23.9345 | 0.415 |
| Length of day (hrs) | 9.9259 | 24.0000 | 0.414 |
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) | 3.13 | 23.45 | 0.133 |
| * System III (1965.0) coordinates | |||
| Observational Parameters | |||
| Discoverer: | Unknown | ||
| Discovery Date: | Prehistoric | ||
| Apparent diameter from Earth | Maximum | 59.0 | |
| (seconds of arc): | Minimum | 29.8 | |
| Distance from Earth | Maximum | 968.1 | |
| (106 km): | Minimum | 588.5 | |
| Mean values at opposition from Earth: | Distance from Earth: 628.76 x 10^6 km | Apparent diameter (seconds of arc):46.9 | Apparent Visual magnitude: -2.7 |
| Mean Orbital Elements (J200) | |||
| Semimajor axis (A.U.) | 5.20336301 | ||
| Orbital eccentricity | 0.04839266 | ||
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 1.30530 | ||
| Longitude of ascending node | 100.55615 | ||
| Longitude of perihelion (deg) | 14.75385 | ||
| Mean Longitude (deg) | 34.40438 | ||
| Magnetosphere | |||
| Dipole field strength | 4.28 gauss-Rj3 | Rj = a Jovian radii = 71,398 km | |
| Dipole tilt to rotational axis | 9.6 degrees | ||
| Longitude of tilt (deg) | 201.7 degrees | ||
| Dipole offset distance: | (planet center to dipole center) 0.131 Rj | ||
| latitude/longitude of offset vector: | -8.0 degrees/ 148.57 degrees | ||
| Atmosphere | |||
| Surface Pressure | >>100 bars | ||
| Surface Density (at 1 bar) | ~ 0.16 kg/m3 | ||
| Scale Height | 27.7 km | ||
| Average temperature | ~129 K | ||
| Temperature at 1 bar: | ~165 K | ||
| Wind speeds | up to ~150 m/s (<30 degrees latitude) | ||
| up to ~ 40 m/s (>30 degrees latitude) | |||
| Mean molecular weight | 2.22 g/ mole | ||
| Atmospheric Composition: | Major: | ||
| (uncertainty in parentheses) | Molecular Hydrogen (H2) - 89.8% (2.0%) | ||
| Helium (He) - 10.2% (2.0%) | |||
| Minor (ppm): | Methane - 3000 (1000) | Ammonia - 260 (40) | Ethane - 5.8 (1.5) |
| Hydrogen Deuteride (HD) - ~148 | |||
| Water - ~4 (varies with pressure) | |||
| Aerosols: | Ammonia ice, water ice, ammonia hydrosulfide | ||
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Fact sheet source from NSSDC/NASA |