Glossary

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which we should add to our Glossary/Dictionary.

A
archeological
~ the study of the way man lived a very long time ago Return
John James Audubon
~ American naturalist and artist, noted for his realistic portrayals of American wildlife. The National Audubon Society was founded in his home. Audubon devoted a study of natural history, especially the drawings of American birds. In 1808 he opened a general store in Louisville, Kentucky. Return

B

Jim Bowie
~ Bowie was an American pioneer who was killed while defending the Alamo. He was born in Kentucky, and according to legend the bowie hunting knife was named after him. Return
Aaron Burr
~ Aaron Burr was vice president in 1800 with Thomas Jefferson (president). In 1804 he was not renominated, and also was defeated in governor's race of New York State. He became involved in a scheme which is known as the Burr conspiracy. He purchased land in the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and planned to invade Spanish territory. His plan was to establish a separate republic in the Southwest. James Wilkinson, American soldier and a partner in the conspiracy, reported him to Jefferson, who had Burr arrested for treason. After a 6 month trial in Virginia, he was acquitted in 1807, but was forever afterwards known as a traitor. Return

C

Chickasaw
~ Native North American tribe of the Muskogean language family, closely related to the Choctaw. They occupied what is now northern Mississippi and parts of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama. The Chickasaw, lived in dwellings constructed alongside streams and rivers rather than in villages. Originally they were a warlike people, controlling a large territory and raiding nearby tribes such as the Choctaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Shawnee. The Chickasaw supported the English against the French. In the 1830' s the entire 5000 member tribe was forcibly relocated to Indian Territory which is now Oklahoma. Return
Choctaw
~ Native American tribe of the Muskogean language family. They occupied an area that now includes Georgia, Alabama, and southern Mississippi and Louisiana. The Choctaw were less warlike than their traditional enemies, the Chickasaw and the Creek. They lived in mud and bark cabins with thatched roofs. They were an agricultural people, the most able farmers of the southeastern region. They usually had a surplus to sell or trade. After the arrival of the Europeans, the Choctaw began riding horses and using them for pack animals. Along with the Chickasaw, the Choctaw developed their own horse breeds. Return
Henry Clay
~ Clay was an American statesman, who was secretary of state under John Quincy Adams. He unsuccessfully ran for the presidency in 1824, 1832, and 1844. He was known as The Great Pacificator because of his ability to resolve bitter political conflicts which threatened to tear the young nation apart. Return
controversy
~ an argument or debate Return

D

Jefferson Davis
~ Born in 1808 in Kentucky, Davis was a planter in Mississippi from 1835 to 1845, when he was elected to the U.S. Congress. On February 18, 1861, the Congress of the Confederate States made him President of the Confederate States. Return
disemboweled
~ to cut or slash open the abdomen and expose or remove the bowels, intestines, and stomach. Return
documented
~ a written or printed statement that gives official proof and information about something. Return

E

extinct
~ no longer living; having died out Return

F

flatboat
~ a boat with a flat bottom, for carrying heavy loads, especially on rivers Return
flourished
~ to be successful or healthy; prosper Return
forging
~ to move forward slowly but steadily Return

G

H

Hermitage
~ Andrew Jackson's plantation home in Nashville, Tennessee Return
highwaymen
~ a person who robs or murders travelers on a roadway Return

I

infamous
~ having a very bad reputation Return

J

Andrew Jackson
~ Seventh president of the United States, Andrew Jackson was the first Westerner to be elected President. Jackson was married to Rachel Donelson Robards. In 1802 he was elected major general of the Tennessee militia. When the War of 1812 broke out, he was ordered to New Orleans, Louisiana. He and his 2500 soldiers got as far as Natchez, Mississippi, when the War Department cancelled the order. Jackson was stranded without food, supplies, or equipment, but instead of disbanding his command as ordered, he personally led his troops back to Tennessee. The men so admired their leader's concern for their welfare, they nicknamed him Old Hickory, because he was as tough as hickory. Return

K

Kaintucks
~ Flatboatmen from Kentucky and the Tennessee River valleys who traveled down to the Natchez or New Orleans markets to sell their goods. Return

L

Marquis de Lafayette
~ French military leader and statesman, who fought on the side of the colonists during the American Revolution. He sympathized with Americans in the American Revolution after the colonies declared their independence of Great Britain, and went to America and offered his services to Congress. He was made a major general in the Continental Army, and became good friends with George Washington and a member of his staff. Return
Louis LeFleur
~ a French-Canadian trapper who built a trading post near the present city of Jackson, MS in the early 1790's, and this location came to be known as LeFleur's Bluff. Return
Long Hunters
Bands of white pioneers, who during the 1760' and 1770's, explored and hunted in the Middle Tennessee region. They are thought to be the first white travelers on the old Natchez Trace. Return

M

Captain Merriwether Lewis
~ Captain Merriwether Lewis was made President Thomas Jefferson's personal secretary in 1801. President Jefferson sent Lewis on an expedition to the Pacific with William Clark. Lewis served as the expedition's naturalist. After the expedition, Lewis and Clark became national heroes, and President Jefferson appointed Lewis governor of the Louisiana Territory, for which the explorer was not suited or prepared. In September 1809, Lewis traveled to Washington, D.C. on the Natchez Trace to answer his critics. Lewis apparently took his own life on October 10, although some say he was murdered. It is still a mystery to this day. Return
mounds
~ These large, flat-topped ceremonial platforms were used as temples and burial places. Platform mounds, originally constructed as bases for public buildings, houses of leaders, and temples, date from the period of 800 A.D. Spaced around a plaza, they formed the central portions of important communities. Early French settlers saw the use of mounds for public buildings and burials by the Natchez Indians. Return

N

Natchez
~ Native North American tribe of the Muskogean language family and of the Southeast culture area. The tribe once lived along the lower Mississippi River, near present day Natchez MS. The Natchez were the largest and most unified tribe of the region, with some 5000 people in the mid-1600's. In 1729 the French, together with the Choctaw, drove the Natchez from the region. Some joined the Creek, Cherokee, and Chickasaw tribes. Others were captured by the French and sold into slavery. The Natchez were sun worshipers, and kept a perpetual fire burning in their temples. They had rigid class distinctions, including a noble class of three ranks: Great Suns, Suns, and Honored Men. The tribe is now considered extinct. Return
National Park Service
~ A bureau of the U.S. Department of the Interior, who's objective is to conserve natural scenery,wildlife, and historic sites. The areas managed by the National Park Service are known as the National Park System. Return

O

P

pelts
~ the skin of an animal with its fur or hair still on it Return
plantations
~ large estate or farm where ones house is located, and where a crop is grown Return
post riders
~ mailmen who delivered the mail by horseback in 1800's Return
Pushmataha
~ Indian chief Return

Q

R

S

stands
~ Inns set up along the old Natchez Trace were called stands. Usually they were just a place a traveler could sleep (usually on the ground) and eat a meal. Many stands were operated by Native Americans. Return

T

Tecumseh
~ A Shawnee Indian chief, who fought against U.S. expansion into the Midwest. He was known for his opposition to any surrender of Native American land to whites. He preached against native American adoption of white customs. He fought on the British side in the War of 1812, and was killed in 1813. Return

U

undocumented
~ not substantiated by written or printed statement; not officially proven Return

V

W

X

Y

Z

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