Mummies and Pyramids


Mummies
Pyramids

 
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Mummies
      Before the pyramids, people were put in pits dug in the ground.  The hot desert sand preserved the body.  In about three thousand B.C., they were put in flat topped tombs called “ Mastabus.”  The first pyramid was built in twenty - seven hundred B.C.  It was known as the step pyramid.  Later people started to steal from pharaohs tombs so pharaohs started to build pyramids from solid rock. 
     In the heart weighing ceremony, a person's heart was weighed against an ostrich feather.  If the person's heart was heavy that meant that they had a bad life and would not have an after life.  If it was light they had lived a life of good deeds and would go to the after life.
      The Egyptians believed that once someone died they had to pass through the under world to get to paradise.  So priest put together books of spells to protect the person from horror and monsters.
      Mummification could take up to seventy days. 
      The brain was pulled out through their nose and other vital organs were also taken out.  The Egyptians then dried them for forty days.  Then the body was treated with salts and wrapped in linen bandages.  Up to four hundred and ten yards of linen could be used.  That's taller than the Empire State Building!  The Egyptians threw away the brains of the dead because they didn't know what it was back then.  We are able to learn more about the Egyptians because of their process of mummification.
Egyptian Pyramids

     Pyramids are large stone structures with four triangular  sides  inclined up to a common point. Many are made of rock and have a square base.  Sometimes the sides  have stairs.  Some pyramids are made of sandstone and limestone blocks.  Hard stone tools, such as chisels and saws, were used to make pyramids.  The blocks used to make the pyramids were transported by ropes, sled ramps, and levers.  A man's power and technology is the most important thing that is required to build a pyramid.  Barges on the flooding Nile helped move the  ramps carrying the large stone rocks. 
     Pyramids had small burial rooms inside that contained a dead pharaoh or king's mummy inside.  Inside a pyramid where the pharaoh and king's burial room, is the ruler's  possessions.  The kings wanted to make sure that they had enough of every necessary thing after they died to place in their  burial room.
     The first Egyptian pyramid made of stone was made by a king named Zoser.  Many pyramids were made of mud, but Zoser’s pyramid was the first made of rock.
     After Zoser’s pyramid, a king named Cheops built the most famous pyramid ever. It took about twenty years to make.  It was regularly 481 feet tall and it's base covered more than 13 acres.  It was made of more than two million rock bricks. 
     4600 people worked on a pyramid at a time.  They hauled rock structures up ramps to help gather material for the pyramids.  When it reached the top they evened off and added little stones to fill  in the structures.  When they were  completely finished they looked like solid stone structures.  Many stones have disappeared off of the pyramids, and the sides look as if there covered with giant steps. 
     Inside of the pyramids, where the dead king room are, it’s filled with gold and other treasures.  The bodies of the pharaohs and kings tombs are sealed with huge stones, but it did not keep robbers away.  Many pyramids were unsealed and taken of their treasures.  There about eighty pyramids left, and I hope that no one will steal their remains.