GOVERNMENT

Over the years there were several different kinds of government in ancient Rome. Kings ruled Rome until 510 BC, when the citizens threw out the last king, Tarquin the Proud. Rome then became a republic governed by men who were elected by the people.

Each year, the citizens chose a few government officials from a group called the Senate. The idea was to prevent anyone from having too much power.

Julius Caesar, a general, had many military successes, which helped him gain power in the Republic. In 49 BC, Caesar marched his army to Rome and seized power. A civil war followed, in which Caesar defeated his enemies and became ruler of Rome.

This one-man rule worried some senators, and the senators murdered Caesar. Caesar's death brought a new civil war and the collapse of the Republic. Caesar's son Octavian gained control and brought peace to Rome. Octavian was renamed Augustus and became the first of Rome's emperors.

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