NASA MANNED ROCKET MISSIONS

ROCKET MISSIONS (prior to the shuttle)

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MISSIONS, DATES AND CREW MEMBERS

GEMINI PROJECT

Gemini III ( Molly Brown)
Gemini IV
Gemini V
Gemini VI
Gemini VII
Gemini VIII
Gemini IX-A
Gemini X
Gemini XI
Gemini XII

APOLLO PROJECT

Apollo I
Apollo VII
Apollo VIII
Apollo IX
Apollo X
Apollo XI
Apollo XII
Apollo XIII
Apollo XIV
Apollo XV
Apollo XVI
Apollo XVII

APOLLO-SOYUZ

Apollo-Soyuz
Apollo-Soyuz

Project Mercury started in mid 1958, about 1 year after the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union. The engineers had a tough job. They needed to make a spaceship that was light enough to launch, and yet it had to be strong enought to withstand forces or launching and reentry.
Now remember, in 1958 light materials were not common. Today nearly everything is made from lightweight materials. Our bikes, skateboards, in-line skates, cars, backpacks, notebooks, shoes and even our toothbrushes are made of lighweight durable materials that were not available to the engineers of the 1950's and 1960's.

LITTLE JOE II 12/04/1959

LITTLE JOE II was not actually manned by a human. LJ-II was manned by Sam a monkey and was launched from The Wallops Island launchsite. The flight lasted a total of 11 minutes and the objective of the mission was to develop a primate escape system. The mission was deemed a success and Sam checked out OK.
Flight Information: Altitude: 53 statute miles; Orbits: 0; Duration: 0 Days, 0 hours, 11 min, 6 seconds; Distance: 194 statute miles; Velocity: 4,466 mph; Max Q: 2,150 psf; Max G: 14.8
Mission Highlights: Mission successful. Time Weightless: 3min 6 secs.
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LITTLE JOE I-B 01/21/1960

LITTLE JOE I-B was manned by another primate. Miss Sam another monkey was launched into space from Wallops Island as well. The Max-Qbort and escape was the prime objective of this mission. This mission completed all goals and was deemed a success. Miss Sam was checked out and was fit.
Flight Information: Launch: January 21, 1960. Wallops Island; Altitude: 9 statute miles; Orbits: 0; Duration: 0 Days, 0 hours, 8 min, 35 seconds; Distance: 12 statute miles; Velocity: 2,022 mph; Max Q: 1,070 psf; Max G: 4.5
Mission Highlights: Mission successful. Time Weightless 28 seconds.
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MERCURY-REDSTONE II 01/31/1961

MERCURY-REDSTONE II was manned by a chimpanzee. Ham was a larger primate than the two previous monkeys. The chimpanzee was the next stepping stone to MANNED SPACE FLIGHT. This flight was to further test the Redstone as a launch vehicle and monitor the spaceship as well. The spaceship was successful. The launch vehicle was only partially successful. Ham was not injured and later checked to be OK.
Flight Information: Altitude: 157 statute miles; Orbits: 0; Duration: 0 Days, 0 hours, 16 min, 39 seconds; Distance: 422 statute miles; Velocity: 5,857 mph; Max Q: 575 psf; Max G: 14.7
Mission Highlights: The launch vehicle malfunctioned and the rescue teams had to search the Atlantic Ocean for the space capsule and Ham.
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FREEDOM VII 05/05/1961

FREEDOM VII was standing atop a Redstone rocket and ready to take off. Inside the capsule named FREEDOM VII, Alan B. Shepard JR. sat strapped into the capsule with no windows. The only way Shepard could see out was through a periscope. Shepard had left a monochrome filter over the lens of the scope and could only see black and white. The objective of this mission was to see if man could stand the physics of space flight. Other objectives included: the development of an automatic escape system; test vehicle control during insertion; test and monitor the behavior of space systems; complete evaluation of pilots capabilities in space, in flight monitoring, retrofire and reentry maneuvers and landing and recovery.
Flight Information: Launch: May 5, 1961 9:34am EST; Altitude: 116.5 statute miles; Orbits: 0; Duration: 0 Days, 0 hours, 15 min, 28 seconds; Distance: 303 statute miles; Velocity: 5,134 mph; Max Q: 580 psf; Max G: 11. Landing: May 5, 1961. 75deg 53min longitude, 27deg 13.7min latitude in the Atlantic Ocean.
Mission Highlights: The countdown started at 8:30am EST on May 4, 1961. All operations proceeded normally and were completed ahead of schedule. A built-in hold of approximately 15 hours was called for at T-6 hours 30 minutes. During this time the various pyrotechnics were installed in the spacecraft and the hydrogen peroxide system was serviced.
The countdown was resumed at T-6 hours 30 minutes at 11:30pm EST on May 4, 1961. Another built in hold had been previously agreed upon at T-2 hours 20 minutes. This hold was to assure that spacecraft preparations had been completed before the astronaut was transported to the pad. The countdown proceeded with only minor delays until T-2 hours 20 minutes. At this time, final preparation of the spacecraft was conducted and the astronaut was transported to the Pad. The countdown was continued after the hold at T-2 hours 20 minutes and, except for some minor holds, the countdown continued until T-15 minutes. At this time it was determined that media coverage of the launch and flight could not be obtained because of low clouds near the launch area.
Weather forcasters predicted that visibility would improve rapidly within 20 to 45 min. During this time, one of the 400hz power inverters to the launch vehicle had regulation problems. The count was recycled to the T-35 minutes and holding mark and the count picked up 86 minutes later after the replacement of the inverter. Again at T-15 minutes it was necessary to hold the count again to make a final check of the real-time trajectory computer. The countdown then picked up and proceeded until liftoff at 9:34am EST on 5/5/1961. The mission was successful, buy it was a bitter sweet victory.
A little more than three weeks earlier, the Soviets had launched COSMONAUT YURI GAGARIN into a one hour, 48 minute full orbit around the Earth. This is where we started playing catch-up. Alan Shepard's flight only lasted 15 minutes, 22 seconds, but it demonstrated to the 45 million Americans watching on TV that we were, indeed, determined to win the SPACE RACE.
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MERCURY-REDSTONE IV 07/21/1961

MERCURY-REDSTONE IV also known as the Liberty Bell VII was scheduled to launch on the 18th but weather did not permit the launch and it was rescheduled to the 21st. Even the launch on the 21st was nearly scrubbed. There was delay after delay. Astronaut Virgil "Gus" Grissom was in the space capsule nearly 4 hours prior to the launch. Mercury IV lifted off at 07:20 EST and hurled man and capsule upward. The entire mission lasted less than 16 minutes but was yet another small step towards man in space. Flight Information Launch: 07/21/1961 @ 07:20 EST; Altitude: 118.3 statute miles; Duration: 15 Mins, 37 secs.; Landing: Atlantic Ocean, 302 miles east of launchsite.
Mission Highlights: Flight successful, however the spacecraft sank into the Atlantic moments after it splashed down. There was arguments as to why the space capsule sank. Many felt is was Grissoms' fault for opening the capsule after splashdown.
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MERCURY-ATLAS V 11/29/1961

MERCURY-ATLAS V was manned by the most famous primate astronaut. Enos for some reason really caught the American public's eye. The chimpanzee was seen on talk shows and movie trailers. It is possible that the tension of putting primates in space that had filled the country was now diminishing. Enos's popularity may have been spawned with this first launch from CAPE CANAVERAL as well. Or maybe because a man had already visited space.
Flight Information: Launch: November 29, 1961, Cape Canaveral, FL; Altitude: 147.4 apogee by 99.5 perigee statute miles; Orbits: 2; Period: 88min 26 sec; Duration: 0 Days, 3 hours, 20 min, 59 seconds; Distance: 50,892 statute miles.
Mission Highlights: Spacecraft partial success, Launch vehicle successful. Weightless 3 hours 4min 38 seconds. This was the last vehicle to be launched with a primate. The Russians were visiting space and the US needed to send astronauts and not primates into space to keep the country's moral up.
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MERCURY-ATLAS VI02/20/1962

MERCURY-ATLAS VI was also known as Friendship VII. With Astronaut John Glenn aboard, the Altas rocket lifted into the sky. MA-VII was the first orbital flight for a US astronaut. It was also the first flight to bring home space photos. John Glenn took a Minolta Camera that he had purchased at a Palm Beach drugstore along with him and clicked some snapshots of space. Glenn orbited the Earth 3 times in a short period of time and then prepared for reentry.
There were some scary times during this flight. Especially when a sensor light came on indicating the heat shield on the bottom of the capsule had come loose. During reentry, Glenn tryed to compensate the capsules' motion by firing the thrusters and he ran out of fuel. Thus making him the first man to run out of gas in space !! Glenn landed safely some 40 miles off the proposed landing site and was soon fished out of the Atlantic Ocean. He was possible distracted by what he called "Fireflies" outside the cabin window during reentry
Flight Information Launch: 02/20/1962; Duration: 4 hours, 55 mins 23 secs; Altitude 162 miles; Velocity 17,544 mph; Landed: Atlantic Ocean.
Mission Highlights: Mission was successful with total weightless time exceeding 4 hours.
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MERCURY-ATLAS VII 05/24/1962

MERCURY-ATLAS VII was nicknamed Aurora-VII. Flight Information: Launch: 05/24/1962; Altitude: 167 Miles; Duration: 4 hours, 56 mins, 5 secs; Landing: Atlantic Ocean.
Mission Highlights: Mission successful, missed landing site.
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MERCURY-ATLAS VIII 10/03/1962

MERCURY-ATLAS VIII was named Sigma VII with Wally Schirra aboard. This was the first time a live TV broadcast was done in space. This mission was designed to fine tune the landing site. NASA was concerned about Carpenter's missing the landing site the last mission. Most of this flight was conducted on Auto-pilot, Schirra did some steering attempting to use the stars as reference. Schirra witnessed lightning bolts in the atmosphere and took some space photos with a Hasselblad camera that he took on board.
Flight Information: Launch: 10/03/1962; Duration: 9 hours, 13 mins, 11 seconds; Altitude: 175 miles; Landing: Atlantic Ocean.
Mission Highlights: The Mission was a success and the landing was within 2 miles of the target site.
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MERCURY-ATLAS IX 05/15/1963

MERCURY-ATLAS IX was the last of the Mercury Missions. Named Faith VII the mission was by far the longest duration flight of the Mercury Project. Astronaut Gordon Cooper released the first satalite from a manned spacecraft and did testing on locating ground areas on Earth. Cooper was the first Astronaut to sleep in space and took the best photos from space yet. Coopers mission was such a roaring success that the rest of the Mercury Missions were cancelled and the US procceded with the Gemini Project.
Flight Information: Launch: 05/15/1963; Duration: 1 day, 10 hrs, 19 mins, 49 secs; Altitude: 165.9 miles; Distance travelled: 546,147 miles; Landing: Atlantic Ocean.
Mission Highlights: This mission was flawless and actually exceeded all expectations. NASA went straight into the Gemini Project after this great mission.
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NASA Introduces the Gemini Project

The Gemini space program was announced in January 1962. The two man space program was named Gemini, for the third constellation of the Zodiac and its twin stars, Castor and Pollux. Two astronauts, two stars, get it?
Gemini involved 12 flights, including two unmanned flight tests of the equipment. Gemini's objectives were as follows: To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration; to rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles; to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system; to perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. Gemini's goals were all met, with the exception of a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.

THE SPACECRAFT

The spacecraft was an enlargement of the familiar Mercury capsule--5.8m (19 ft) long, 3m (10 ft) in diameter, and about 3810 kilograms (8400 pounds) in weight. Other design changes and advances since Mercury made the vehicle more maneuverable for the pilots. The Titan II rocket, more powerful than the Redstone, placed the larger and heavier spacecraft into orbit. Usually referred to as Gemini-Titan for the craft and its launch vehicle, each flight was designated by a Roman numeral. Only the first capsule was nicknamed; Command Pilot Virgil (Gus) Grissom called it the UNSINKABLE MOLLY BROWN in reference to his Mercury IV spacecraft that sank.

GEMINI III MOLLY BROWN 03/23/1965

GEMINI III was a great anticipated project. It had been some time since the US has put a man into space and the Russians were logging more time in space than the Americans. Virgil Grissom was the Gemini III Mission Commander and John Young was the pilot. The Mission Objectives were to demonstrate manned orbital flight; evaluate two-man design; demonstrate and evaluate tracking network; demonstrate OAMS capability in orbital maneuvers and in retrofire backup; Demonstrate controlled reentry and landing; Evaluate major spacecraft subsystems; Demonstrate systems checkout, prelaunch, and launch procedures; Demonstrate and evaluate recovery procedures and systems. Secondary objectives included: Evaluate flight crew equipment, biomedical instrumentation, and personal hygiene system; Perform 3 experiments; Evaluate low-level longitudinal oscillations (Pogo) of the GLV; General photographic coverage in orbit.
Flight Information: Launch: March 23, 1965 9:24:00.064 am EST. There was one brief hold on launch day while a sensor on an oxidizer line was adjusted; Altitude: 224km; Inclination: xxx degrees; Orbits: 3; Duration: 0 Days, 4 hours, 52 min, 31 seconds; Distance: 128km (111km from target). Landing: March 23, 1965. Landing at 22deg26m North and 70deg 51min West. Missed distance from landing zone 111.1km (60nm). Recovered by USS Intrepid. Crew onboard in 70 min.
Mission Highlights: All primary objectives were acheived except the controlled reentry objective was only partially acheived. The angle of attack during reentry was lower than programmed. Secondary objectives were only partially acheived. The personal hygiene system was only partially tested, Operating mechanism failed on S-2 - Synergistic Effect of Zero Gravity on Sea Urchin Eggs Experiment, and the photographic coverage objective was only partially successful because of an improper lens setting on the 16mm camera.
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GEMINI IV 06/03/1965

GEMINI IV was ready to launch and it seemed as if it were only days after Gemini III had landed. Gemini IV Commander James McDivitt and Pilot Edward White III were strapped in their capsule and ready for NASA to light the match. This flight would test man's ability to stay in space for long periods of time. Secondary objectives included: Demonstrate and evaluate EVA and control by use of HHMU and tether; Stationkeep and rendezvous with second stage of GLV; Evaluate spacecraft systems; Make in-and-out-of plane maneuvers; Further test OAMS retro backup capability; Perform 11 experiments.
Flight Information: Launch: June 3, 1965 10:15:59.562 am; Altitude: 296.1 km (159.9nm); Inclination: xxx degrees; Orbits: 62; Duration: 4 Days, 1 hour, 56 min, 12 seconds. Landing: June 7, 1965. Landing was at 27deg 44min North and 74deg 11min West. Landing was 81.4km from attempted landing zone.
Mission Highlights: Gemini IV was NASA's 1st Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) operation. EVA time 36min. All but one primary objectives were acheived. Computer controlled reentry in the demonstration and evaluation of spacecraft systems objective was not flown because of inadvertent alteration of computer memory. All secondary objectives were met except one. The secondary objective of stationkeeping and rendezvous was only partially successful because separation and rendezvous was not attempted due to fuel consumption.
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GEMINI V

GEMINI V launched from the Cape and was off on a 8 day mission. NASA was getting vehicles into space much faster than originally planned. Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper JR., was the command pilot, and Astronaut Charles Conrad JR., served as pilot for the eight-day flight. Objectives for Gemini V were: to demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the Gemini spacecraft for a period of eight days; to evaluate the performance of the rendezvous guidance and navigation system, using the radar evaluation pod; and to evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure of the astronauts to the space environment. In addition, 17 experiments were assigned to the flight. Gemini V also marked the first flight on which fuel cells were used to provide electrical power. Gemini V was launched from Cape Kennedy at 9:00 a.m., EST, August 21.
Flight Information: Launched from Cape Canaveral 08/21/1965; Altitude: 189 miles; Duration: 7 Days 22 Hours 55 Mins and 14 Secs; Landed 08/29/1965 at 7:55 EST; crew was picked up at 9:26 am and the vehicle was recovered at 11:50 am .
Mission Highlights: During the early phases, the flight was routine, but a rapid drop in pressure in cryogenic storage tanks which supplied the fuel cells required that many of the planned activities be curtailed or abandoned.
Flight Director Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., decided to have Gemini V perform a rendezvous with a "Phantom" target during the third day of the mission. Cooper and Conrad were instructed to perform four maneuvers during a period of two revolutions. These maneuvers were accomplished and ground tracking indicated that the simulated rendezvous maneuver would have placed the spacecraft within three-tenths of a mile of the target.
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GEMINI VI 10/25/1965

GEMINI VI was scheduled as a rendezous in space. Commader Walter Schirra and Astronaut Thomas Stafford were to meet with a target vehicle. A target agena vehicle was launched just minutes prior to the launch of Gemini VI, the target vehicle suffered a propulsion malfunction and break up of the target occured. The prime objective of the mission was to meet and rendezous with the target vehicle and Gemini VI was postponed until Gemini VII was in space.

GEMINI VI-A 12/15/1965

GEMINI VI-A was launched from Cape Kennedy at 8:37 EST. and were to meet and join with Gemini VII on their fourth revolution around the Earth. Gemini VI-A and her crew were to conduct a few experiments as well. Three days earlier, Schirra and Stafford had been ready and waiting in their spacecraft. The countdown had proceeded uninterrupted toward the scheduled ignition and subsequent liftoff at 9:54:06 a.m. on 12/12/1965. Ignition occurred on time but the engines were automatically shut down 1.2 seconds later. Schirra and Stafford correctly assessed the situation and determined it was safe to remain in the spacecraft, in other words, they held their breath. It was later determined that a small electric plug in the tail of the launch vehicle had dropped out prematurely, and that a plastic dust cover had obstructed the oxidizer inlet line of a gas generator. Either of these would have prevented liftoff.
Once in space, Gemini VI-A underwent many manuvers and rendezoused with Gemini VII. For 5 hours the crews of the two spacecrafts flew as close as 1 foot away from each other. This mission, despite its setbacks was deemed a success.
Flight Information: Launched from Cape Kennedy at 08:37:06; Altitude: 168.1 miles; Duration: 1 Day 1 Hour 51 mins 24 secs; Recovery: USS Wasps 11:32 EST.
Mission Highlights: The Gemini VI-A capsule splashed down within 7 miles of it's project land site. This was by far the closest landing yet. The station keeping exercise with Gemini VII proved that the USA was indeed capable of joining two aircraft in space.
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GEMINI VII 12/04/1965

GEMINI VII was scheduled to meet with GEMINI VI and they did just that. Commander Frank Borman and astronaut James Lovell JR. showed a tremendous amount of skill and stamina throughout this entire mission. The pilots of both Gemini VI-A and Gemini VII showed a tremendous amount of talent manuevering their crafts. For over an hour these two ships were only one foot apart and remained that close through manuevers. NASA had clearly proved that the Gemini was capable of docking with another spacecraft.
Gemini VII was in space for over 14 days. This was the longest US spaceflight to date. The mission's prime objective was to learn what effects, if any, a long duration space flight would have on man. When the target for Gemini VI malfunctioned, the flight plan was altered a little bit to meet with Gemini VI-A and the Gemini VII astronauts kept a frantic pace. These men were really worked to the limit of human ability.
Flight Information: Gemini VII launched from Cape Kennedy at 14:30:00 EST; Altitude: 177.1 miles; Duration: 13 Days 18 Hours 35 Mins and 1 Sec; Recovery: USS Wasp ( Second recovery in three days!) Crew recovered at 09:37 EST and capsule recovered at 10:38 EST.
Mission Highlights: Lovell had removed his spacesuit on the second day of the mission. Borman was soon to follow. One of the two crewmembers was out of his suit almost this entire mission.
This mission lasted 14 days. That was twice as much time as was predicted would be needed for a lunar landing. We were on our way !!
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GEMINI VIII 03/16/1966

Gemini VIII was launched from Cape Kennedy 11:41:02 EST and Commander Neil Armstrong and Astronaut David Scott were onboard. One and a half hours earlier, the Gemini Agena Target vehicle lauched and was set to orbit. This was a very important mission for NASA. Many of the systems and tasks that were considered essential for the lunar attempt would be tested in this flight.
Six hours after lift-off, Gemini VIII had rendevoused with the unmanned Agena ship. It was a couple hours later and Gemini VIII docked with the Agena target. This was the first time either task had been completed in space. Approximately 27 minutes after docking, the spacecraft-target vehicle combination suffered greater than expected yaw and roll rates. The Astronauts attempted to bring the vehicles under control by giving various commands to the Agena. It became evident this action would not be effective, Armstrong and Scott suspected some part of the spacecraft control system might be involved. The roll and yaw rates increased to a point where the crew felt the spaceships would be damaged (not to mention their sanity) might be in jeopardy, and they then succeeded in slowing the rates to a point where they felt it safe to undock from the target and back away as quickly as possible.
After completing these maneuvers, it was evident that the spacecraft's attitude control system was malfunctioning. Roll and yaw rates of the spacecraft rapidly increased to such an extent that it was making almost one full revolution per second. The roll was brought under control by deactivating the orbital attitude maneuver system and by activating the reentry control system. The Flight Director John D. Hodge, assessed the situation, and ordered the mission terminated. This required a landing in a secondary recovery area in the Pacific.
Flight Information: Launched: 03/16/1966 @ 11:41:02 EST; Duration: 10 Hrs 41 Mins 26 Secs; Recovery: USS Mason Crew recovered at 03/17/1966 01:28, Ship recovered at 02:37.
Mission Highlights: This was the first docking in space. Even though the malfunction created the spacecrafts to go berzerk, The United States docked two spaceships. As always, the most important thing in any mission is to get the crew home safe. Armstrong and Scott probably felt dizzy for days to follow, but they were home on Earth, alive and well.
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GEMINI IX 05/17/1966

GEMINI IX was to be launched from Kennedy shortly after the Gemini IX target vehicle was lifted into space. The target vehicle suffered a a malfunction in the booster engine pitch control. The vehicle was terminated and with it, so was Gemini IX

GEMINI IX-A 06/01/1966

GEMINI IX-A launched it's target and placed into a nearly circular orbit. The flight crew was to launch within an hour of the target vehicle. The launch was held due to communication troubles between the ground computer and the spaceship's computer. The countdown was held at T-3 minutes. The trouble was thought to be fixed, only to have the countdown held again at 3 mins. The trouble kept returning and the launch was postponed until June 3. On the morning of 06/03/1966, Commander Thomas Stafford and Astronaut Eugene Cernan set off after the target vehicle. Major objectives of the mission were to rendezvous with the target during the third revolution; to re-rendezvous during the fourth revolution; to rendezvous from above during the 12th revolution; to conduct extravehicular activities, to demonstrate a controlled reentry, and to conduct docking practice. All of these objectives except the last were achieved.
Flight Information: Launch: 06/01/1966 @ 10:00; Altitude: 168.2 miles; Speed ****; Duration: 3 Days 0 Hrs 20 Mins 50 Secs; Recovery: USS Wasp @ 9:53.
Mission Highlights: The astronauts completed two docking manuevers and completed one EVA. The third rendezvous was tricky due to the background terrain. The background made it hard to see the target.
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GEMINI X 07/18/1966

GEMINI X was launched from Kennedy at 17:20:27. The agena vehicle was launched nearly two hours earlier. The missions objectives were to dock with the agena vehicle; perform an EVA; test and use big propulsion systems in space; and perform docking practice. The six major maneuvers that were conducted, consumed a little more fuel than NASA anticipated and the docking practice was called off to insure that there was enough fuel to get home. Commander John Young and Astronaut Michael Collins were absolutely flawless at their maneuvers and EVA
Flight Information: Launch: 07/18/1966 @ 17:20:27; Altitude: 412.2 miles; Duration: 2 Days 22Hrs 47Mins and some seconds!!; Recovery: USS Guadalcanal Crew was recovered at 17:47 and the spaceship was recovered at 18:14 EST.
Mission Highlights: Gemini X was able to stress on the vehicles ability to maneuver in space. The pinpoint accuracy that they displayed with their maneuvers suprised even NASA. The EVA's both went well and Collins retrieved a package that had been attached to the outside of Agena VIII since March.
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GEMINI XI 09/12/1966

GEMINI XI took of from Kennedy at 09:42:26. One and one half hours earlier, the Atlas-Agena had taken off. Commander Charles Conrad JR. and Astronaut Richard Gordon JR. were off on a very bust mission. One of the missions prime objectives was to dock with the agena on the first orbit. This was accomplished. For the first time in space history, the rendevous was accomplished using on-board computations. Docking practice was performed and each crew member docked twice.
Flight Information: Launch: 09/12/1966 @ 09:42:26; Altitude: 739.2 miles ( a new record for Manned Space Flight); Duration: 2 Days 23 hrs 15 Mins; Recovery: USS Guam
Mission Highlights This mission set many records, probably the most important was the Altitude record of nearly 740 miles above Earth. This was the first time that the Automatic Reentry System was utilized. The ARS fired the retro-rockets at exactly the correct instant and the Gemini XI capsule landed within 2 miles of its target.
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GEMINI XII 11/11/1966

GEMINI XII launched from Kennedy at 15:46:33. One one half hours prior, the agena vehicle was launched. This mission was the final flight of the Gemini Program. Commander James Lovell JR. and Pilot Edwin Adrin JR. were aboard and busy. The men performed docking maneuvers, EVA's and experiments flawlessly. At this time, Lovell has logged the most time in space with some 425 hours. The EVA's proved many new types of getting around in outerspace. The Gemini XII undocked from the agena and stayed teathered for 2 days. This was the first time two vehicles in space had attempted a teathered flight in outer space. Well from Earth, that is. This mission went off without a hitch. The entire mission was textbook, exactly as planned. It was very apparant that NASA had learned a huge amount of information in their privious flights and was applying hat knowledge well.
Flight Information: Launch: 11/11/1966 @ 15:46:33; Altitude: ***; Duration: 3 Days 22 hrs 30 mins; Recovery: USS Wasp Mission Highlights: This was the last Gemini Mission. NASA's goals had been met and it was time to look further out into space. Gemini XII went off so smoothly that NASA knew it was time to reach out. The moon was getting closer.
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NASA announces the Apollo Project.

The Apollo Program began in July of 1960, before an American was even launched into space. NASA announced that a program to fly Astronauts around the moon would follow the planned Mercury program, but with President Kennedy's famous speech on May 25, 1961, the focus on the Apollo missions shifted to a lunar landing and came into sharper focus with the goal of achieving this feat before the decade's end.
Many people feel that the Apollo program still stands as mankind's greatest technological achievement, and we should still be going to the surface of the moon. Some people feel it was a giant hoax and that the entire program was filmed at some super-movie studio in the desert. HOAX PAGE In all, six missions landed on the surface of the moon, and three others orbited the moon without landing, including the ill-fated Apollo 13.
The Apollo spacecraft was in three parts: The conical Command Module where the crew ate and slept on its way to and from the moon; the Service Module, supplying electricity, maneuvering power and thrust to get home from lunar orbit, this also supplied water to the spacecraft; and the Lunar Module, or LM, a two-part, totally self-contained spacecraft that used its own rockets to land and take off from the surface of the moon, and even served as its own launch pad.
The Apollo program, like all NASA programs, had a specific itinerary. The main objectives of the Apollo Project were: To establish the technology to meet other national interests in space, UH . . . translated the Government was saying that whoever ruled space would rule the world; to achieve preminence in space for the US; to land on the moon an carry out scientific experiments there; develop man's ability to work in the lunar environment.
Apollo missions were launched atop two different boosters, the Saturn 1B used for the Earth orbiting missions (including Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz), and the mighty Saturn V, the rocket to the moon.

APOLLO I Scheduled 02/21/1967

APOLLO I Project Apollo started in tragedy, when a fire on the launch pad in the Command Module of Apollo 1 claimed the lives of our second man in space and first Gemini astronaut, Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom, our first space walker, Edward White, and rookie Astronaut Roger Chaffee on January 27, 1967, in a routine training exercise for what had been scheduled to be the first Apollo Mission. A short circuit in the capsule, in conjunction with a malfunction in the oxygen breathing system caused a terrible interior fire and all three Astronauts were burned to death. Doctors treated 27 groundcrew for smoke inhalation and 2 were hospitalized.
Flight Information: N/A
Mission Highlights: N/A
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APOLLO VII 10/11/1968

APOLLO VII was the next manned Apollo mission. After the Apollo I tragedy, NASA took time to review the accident and reworked some systems in the spacecraft. During that time, NASA determined that the crew that perished in the fire would be known as the crew of Apollo I.
Apollo VII's mission was to test and evaluate the new Command Module and Apollo spacesuits. Commander Walter Schirra JR. ; Command Module Pilot Donn Eisele; and Lunar Module Pilot Walter Cunningham spent more time in space than all the Soviet flights to date. A fact the pro-american media never failed to point out in the heat of the spacerace. This mission also featured the first on-board camera, bringing space flight to the world over. Apollo VII circled the Earth and then splashed down in the Pacific.
Flight Information: Launch: Apollo VII launched on 10/11/1968 @ 11:02:45; Altitude: **** ; Duration 10 Days 20 hours; Recovery: ****
Mission Highlights: Apollo VII used the first on-board camera, the first Apollo spacesuits, the first full crew support equipment. The camera was not the biggest advance NASA had ever made, but it certainly was the biggest impacting step in space flight. The on-board camera brought spaceflight into our livingrooms. People were getting up at 03:00 and 04:00 on the West Coast to view the NASA Broadcast.
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APOLLO VIII 12/21/1968

APOLLO VIII really stood the country on its' ear. The monster 330 ft (110 meters) tall rocket was the largest rocket ever sent into space to date. Commander Frank Borman ; Command Module Pilot James Lovell JR. and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders were strapped on top of the largest controlled explosion ever detonated on Earth. Nearly three hours later, the crew fired the main engines of the Command Module and were headed to the moon. They circled the moon twice sending outstanding photos of the moon's surface and then headed for home. Acquiring data and testing the Apollo spaceship were the main interest in this flight, but a great deal of effort to send back visual information was made by the astronauts.
Flight Information: Launch: 12/21/1968 @ 07:50 EST; Altitude: Now that the spaceflights were going to deep space, altitude measurements were replaced with speed measurements in Miles Per Hour and Kilometers Per Hour. Speed: 24,200 MPH (38,938KPH) a new world speed record; Duration 6 Days 2 Hours 59 Minutes 49 Secs; Recovery: *****
Mission Highlights: The biggest highlight was the fact that this mission was brought into the livingrooms of millions and millions of people. NASA really grabbed the hearts of many and these Astronauts were better known than the most popular athletes in the world. The photos and images of the moon's surface were very interesting and studied by many. One other cool note, there was a lunar module pilot on this flight, but no lunar module. There was a payload the same size and weight as the LM.
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APOLLO IX 03/03/1969

APOLLO IX roared off into the morning Florida sky. Apollo IX's major objectives were to demonstrate crew, space and mission support facilities performance during a manned Saturn V space mission. NASA was giving itself a quiz prior to a big test, THE MOON. Commander James McDivitt, CM Pilot David Scott and LM Pilot Russell Schweickart were on their way around the moon. This flight was a very intense test flight for the soon to come moon landing. Many experiments were tried and reported on this flight.
Flight Information: Launched: 03/03/1969 @ 11:00; Speed:***; Duration: 10 Days 1 Hour and 53 Secs; Recovery: ****
Mission Highlights: This was the first mission in full lunar configuration. The first tests of the LM in space were conducted on this mission. This was the first mission that names were again used on the spacecraft. The LM was named Spider and the CM was called Gumdrop.
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APOLLO X 05/18/1969

APOLLO X roared of the launch pad at 12:49. This was the fourth Apollo mission in as many months. Commander Thomas Stafford, and LM Pilot Eugene Cernan and CM Pilot John Young were on their way to circle and approach the moon. NASA was getting a good grip on spaceflight and things were going pretty smooth. Apollo X lapped the Earth twice and then broke the gravitational pull of the earth to head for the moon. The command module set orbit around the moon in an elliptical orbit and then did a burn to circulize the orbit 69 miles above the moon. On the fifth day of the mission, Stafford and Cernan descended in the LM to 47,000ft above the moon's surface and photographed and filmed the Apollo landing sites and surrounding terrain. They then reunited in the CM with Young. On May 24th, the CM was ignited and the astronauts were on their way home to Earth.
Flight Information: Launch: 04/18/1969 @ 12:49 EDT; Ships Names: LM = Snoopy, CSM = Charlie Brown; Speed: *** ; Duration 8 Days 0 Hours 3 Mins 23 Secs; Recovery: landed within 4 miles of recovery ship.
Mission Information: Apollo X was the dress rehersal for the future Apollo XI Moon Landing. Everything about the mission was identical to Apollo XI except they attempted no moon landing. This was the first flight to send back color TV pictures. This was the CSM's first flight.
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APOLLO XI 07/16/1969

APOLLO XI is the most famous successful spaceflight to date. Man was headed to the moon. Commander Neil Armstrong, CM Pilot Michael Collins and LM Pilot Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin JR. were headed to the moon. Nearing the lunar body the astronauts set orbit in an eliptical orbit and proceeded to do a burn to circulize the orbit aprx. 69 miles above the surface. Each orbit took two hours. Photographs taken from lunar orbit provided broad views for the study of regional lunar geology. The lunar module (LM), with Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin aboard, was undocked from the command-service module (CSM) at 100:14 GET, following a thorough check of all the LM systems. At 101:36 GET, the LM descent engine was fired for approximately 29 seconds, and the descent to the lunar surface began. At 102:33 GET, the LM descent engine was started for the last time and burned until touchdown on the lunar surface. Eagle landed on the Moon 102 hr, 45 min and 40 sec after launch.
Immediately after landing on the Moon, Armstrong and Aldrin prepared the LM for liftoff as a contingency measure. Following the meal, a scheduled sleep period was postponed at the astronauts' request, and the astronauts began preparations for descent to the lunar surface. Astronaut Armstrong emerged from the spacecraft first. While descending, he released the Modularized Equipment Stowage Assembly (MESA) on which the surface television camera was stowed, and the camera recorded humankind's first step on the Moon at 109:24:19 GET. A sample of lunar surface material was collected and stowed to assure that, if a contingency required an early end to the planned surface activities, samples of lunar surface material would be returned to Earth. Astronaut Aldrin subsequently descended to the lunar surface.
The astronauts carried out the planned sequence of activities that included deployment of a Solar Wind Composition (SWC) experiment, collection of a larger sample of lunar material, panoramic photographs of the region near the landing site and the lunar horizon, closeup photographs of in place lunar surface material, deployment of a Laser-Ranging Retroreflector (LRRR) and a Passive Seismic Experiment Package (PSEP), and collection of two core-tube samples of the lunar surface.
Approximately two and a quarter hours after descending to the surface, the astronauts began preparations to reenter the LM, after which the astronauts slept. The ascent from the lunar surface began at 124:22 GET, 21 hours and 36 minutes after the lunar landing. In transearth coast only one of four planned midcourse corrections was required. The CM entered the atmosphere of the Earth with a velocity of 36,194 feet per second (11,032 meters per second) and landed in the Pacific Ocean.
Flight Information: Launch: 07/16/1969 @ 13:31:01 GMT; Ships Names: LM = Snoopy, CM = Charlie Brown; Speed: *** Duration: 8 days 3 Hrs 18 Min 35 Secs; Recovery ***
Mission Highlights: Man's first lunar landing. The US was clearly ahead of the SPACERACE now. The entire world with the exception of Communist China was tuned into the NASA broadcasts of Apollo VI. Neil Armstrong became a household name, as did his incorrectly recited speech "That was one small step for man and one giant leap for mankind." Armstrong's speech was supposed to read " ***************************************", but he was so nervous and overcome by the event that he jumbled the words a lil bit. Good thing his statement made sense still, or he would have made the all time blooper tape !! In fact, Armstrong was not even supposed to be the first Astronaut out of the LM. It was Aldrin that was scheduled to first exit the LM. Armstrong was said to physically push Aldrin out of the way and exit the LM first.
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APOLLO XII 11/14/1969

APOLLO XII was the second scheduled lunar landing. Commander Charles (Pete) Conrad JR., CM Pilot Richard Gordon and LM Pilot Alan Bean headed to their destination on the moon. Once in orbit around the moon, Conrad and Bean loaded into the LM and began their decent towards the moons surface. The LM touched down on the moons surface at the spot named The Ocean of Storms. The purpose of this mission was to collect more samples and explore the surface of the moon. A color TV camera was set up and broadcast pictures to Earth, however coverage was lost after the camera was pointed at the sun inadvertantly.
On the second EVA, the crew photographed Surveyor III, and unmanned US probe that landed on the moon in April of 1967. The crew recovered a painted tube, an unpainted tube, the scoop and TV camera from Surveyor III .
After a brief rest period, the crew lifted off from the lunar surface in the LM's ascent stage (the top half). After rendevousing with Gordon in the CM, the astronauts remotely guided the ascent stage into the moon's surface. This provided seismic activity for the sensors that were placed on the moon's surface.
Flight Information: Launch: 11/14/1969 @ 11:22:00 EST; Ship Names: LM = Intrepid , CM = Yankee Clipper; Speed: ****; Duration: 10 Days 4 Hrs 36 Mins 24 Secs; Recovery *****
Mission Highlights: The computer controlled precision landing was very important to missions in the future. This meant that NASA could land and explore in rough terrain. The material that was retrieved from Surveyor III was important in choosing materials for future spacecraft. The crew remained in quarantine for 21 days after the second EVA.
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APOLLO XIII 04/11/1970

APOLLO XIII was scheduled to land on the moon. The crew of Commander James Lovell and CM Pilot John Swigert and LM Pilot Fred Haise JR. never made it to the moon. About 56 hours into the mission, a short circuit in the cryogenic tanks caused a small explosion that wiped out the abitity to generate electrical power in the CM. The CSM was dying, and with it so were the astronauts if action was not taken. The CSM was powered down and the astronauts moved into the LM. The service module was jettisoned and the crew was able to view and photo the damaged area in the bay-4 area of the module. The LM was used to perform the reentry burn and was jettisoned about 1 hour prior to reentry. All three astronauts were returned to Earth safely.
Flight Information: Launch: 04/11/1970 @ 14:13 EST. ; Ships Names: LM = Aquarius, CSM = Odyssey; Speed: *****; Duration: 5 Days 20 Hrs 54 Mins and 41 Secs.; Recovery: *****
Mission Highlights: The inginuity of the team back on the earth as well as the skill and level headedness of the crew of Apollo XIII was responsible for getting the men home. The life support system in the LM was not large enought to support all three astronaut and the system was rigged to join it with the system in the CSM. Many of the adapters and hoses were thought of on the ground and the designs and concepts were conveyed via voice to the men in space. The entire country breathed a sigh of relief when Apollo XIII splashed down.
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APOLLO XIV 01/31/1971

APOLLO XIV and her crew, Commander Alan Shepard, CM Pilot Stuart Roosa and LM Pilot Edgar Mitchell were on their way to the moon. The crew established orbit around the moon and Shepard and Mitchell climbed into the LM and began their descent. The LM landed at target point Fra Mauro highlands. The crew was to perform an array of experiments and set up alot of equipment in their three EVA's. The astronauts traversed up the side of Cone Crater, and gained experience working and climbing in 1/6th gravity of Earth. Liftoff occurred at 18:48 GMT, February 6, after 33 hr on the lunar surface. After crew transfer, the LM ascent stage was separated and remotely guided to impact on the lunar surface. Impact occurred between Apollo 12 and 14 seismometers. The resulting seismic signal lasted for 1.5 hr and was recorded by both instruments. The command module splashed down in the Pacific Ocean approximately 1 km from the target point at 20:24 GMT, February 9, 1971.
Flight Information: Launch: 01/31/1971 @ 04:03:22 EST.; Ships Names: LM = Antares' CSM = Kitty Hawk; Speed: *** ; Duration: 9 Days 0 Hrs 1 Min 58 Secs; Recovery: Apollo XIV landed less than 1 km. from it's target landing site.
Mission Highlights: Flags for all the United Nations countries were carried aboard Apollo XIV. Information on man's ability to function and work on the moon's surface were learned. The crew was quarantined for 21 days after the EVA's.
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APOLLO XV 07/26/1971

APOLLO XV was the first in a series of three advanced missions planned to the moon's surface. This mission was planned to survey and sample material of the Hadley-Appennine region. Commander David Scott, CM Pilot Alfred Worden, and LM Pilot James Irwin set orbit. Scott and Irwin began their mission to the moon's surface. They landed the LM and during their 66 hours on the moons surface they completed 3 EVA's totaling 18 hours. The traverses were enhanced by the use of the Lunar Rover Vehicle (LRV). The LRV averaged about 10 km. per hour and greatly increased the distance the astronauts could travel from the LM.
Flight Information: Launch: 07/26/1971 @ 09:34; Ships Names: LM = Falcon , CSM = Endeavour; Speed: *** ; Duration: 12 Days 7 Hrs 11 Min 53 Secs; Recovery: ****
Mission Highlights: Apollo XV was the first mission that utilized the Lunar Rover. The Rover allowed the astronauts to cover more territory than they could cover on their feet. This was very important in the gathering of data and samples. The crew released a subsatalite in the lunar orbit.
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APOLLO XVI 04/16/1972

APOLLO XVI was the second in the "J" series of Apollo missions. The main objective of this mission was to investigate the area known as the Descartes Highlands. It was thought that the terrain and mineral composition in this region was similar to the majority of the moon's surface. Commander John Young, CSM Pilot Thomas Mattingly II, and LM Pilot Charles Duke JR. set orbit around the moon. Young and Duke descended in the LM towards the moon's surface and landed about 275 meters from the preselected landing site. During three EVA's the two men gathered mineral and rock samples in three different regions. Some of these samples represented ancient moon highlands.
Flight Information: Launch: 04/16/1972 @ 12:55 EST; Ship Names: LM = Orion, CM = Casper; Speed: *****; Duration 11 Days 1 Hr 51 Min 5 Secs; Recovery: ***
Mission Highlights: Apollo XVI was the first mission to use the moon as an observitory. The astronaut did celestial studies using a large telescope. The LRV was again used to gather samples and aid the astronauts in getting around on the moon's surface. The capsule was viewed on TV while dropping to earth after deploying it's parachutes. Constant coverage of the crew recovery.
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APOLLO XVII 12/06/1972

APOLLO XVII The last Apollo Mission was the final mission the "J" series missions. These long duration missions were very important in increasing man's knowledge of the moon. Commander Eugene Cernan, CM Pilot Ronald Evans, and LM Pilot Harrison Schmitt, were on their way to what turned out to be the last time that man visited the moon to date. After establishing a lunar orbit, Cernan and Schmitt boarded the LM and descended to the lunar surface. The landing site was in the Mare Serenitatis region. A dark deposit on the southwest portion of Montes Taurus. Mineral and geological sampling were again the main tasks of the astronauts. Some explosives were detonated and the forces were monitored.
After the ascent, the ascent stage was guided to crash into the moon's surface. The impact was monitored by the sensors left by Apollo 12,14,15 and 16 as well as the four geophones that were used on this mission.
Flight Information: Launch: 12/06/1972 @ 23:33 ; Ships Names: LM = Challenger, CM = America; Speed: ***** ; Duration: 12 Days 13 Hrs 51 Mins 59 Secs; Recovery *****
Mission Highlights: This mission gathered more data, rock and mineral samples than any other Apollo mission. The longest LRV ride in a single EVA was recorded. Apollo XVII also marked the first time a Geologist had visited the moon's surface. Schmitt was the only geologist to ever visit the moon. His' findings and observations are now considered the backbone of our information of the moon.
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The Apollo Missions were viewed by the entire world. Never before or since has a government act or program been viewed by so many. It is nearly 25 yrs since the moon has been visited by earth dwellers. The TeamQuest team all agree that the United States or the World must return to the moon. We feel that manned outpost stations on the lunar surface are in order. Science and industry could benefit from a manned station on the lunar surface. Our space program has become misdirected and just sort of exists. There is no new ground being broken or explored. NASA and others need to develop different methods of propulsion, guidance and communication. We should be dwelling in space and exploring deep space. In order for manned missions to deep space, we need to develop a propulsion system that reaches or exceeds light speed. Possibly molecular reconstruction and transmission is the answer.
TeamQuest is not the only group that feels that we need to pursue different ways to get man into deepspace. Our space neighbors seem to have the technology to visit us, and our government will not even admit their knowledge of alien existence.
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