CHEMystery: The Periodic Table of the Elements

<BODY BGCOLOR=#000000 TEXT=#FFFFFF LINK=#FF7F00 VLINK=#00CFCF ALINK=#FFFF00><script type="text/javascript" src="/banner/banner.js"></script></script><script>tql_drawTop();</script> <B><SMALL> <A HREF=".." TARGET="_parent">Return</A> to the Main CHEMystery Page.<BR> <A HREF="../pertable" TARGET="_parent">Return</A> to the Periodic Table of the Elements<BR> </SMALL></B> <H1><FONT FACE="Arial"><I>Element 32 - Germanium (Ge) <A HREF="32.wav"><IMG SRC="sound.gif" ALT="sound" BORDER=0 ALIGN=top></A></I></FONT></H1> After Germany; discovered 1886. Germanium resembles the silicon. The first element used for transistors, it has brought about the replacement of large vacuum tubes with devices hundredths or thousandths of an inch accross. <HR> <CENTER><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2> <TR><TD COLSPAN=2><CENTER><H3><FONT FACE="Arial">Properties</FONT></H3></CENTER></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#atomicnumber" TARGET="_parent">Atomic Number</A>:</TD> <TD>32<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#atomicweight" TARGET="_parent">Atomic Weight</A>:</TD> <TD>72.61<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electronconfiguration" TARGET="_parent">Electron Configuration</A> (at ground state):</TD> <TD>1s<SUP>2</SUP>2s<SUP>2</SUP>2p<SUP>6</SUP>3s<SUP>2</SUP>3p<SUP>6</SUP>3d<SUP>10</SUP>4s<SUP>2</SUP>4p<SUP>2</SUP><BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#oxidationstate" TARGET="_parent">Oxidation States</A> (Bold most stable):</TD> <TD>-4, +2, <B>+4</B><BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#boilingpoint" TARGET="_parent">Boiling Point</A> (K):</TD> <TD>3107<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Melting Point (K):</TD> <TD>1211.5<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#density" TARGET="_parent">Density</A> (at 300K -- g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>):</TD> <TD>5.32<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Atomic Volume (at 300K -- cm<SUP>3</SUP>/mol) <TD>13.60<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Number of stable <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#isotopes" TARGET="_parent">isotopes</A>:</TD> <TD>5<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#massnumber" TARGET="_parent">Mass Number</A> (Bold naturally occurring) -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#halflife" TARGET="_parent">Half-Life</A> -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#radioactivedisintegrationseries" TARGET="_parent">Disintigration Type</A>: </TD> <TD> 68 -- 275 days -- orbital <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electroncapture" TARGET="_parent">electron capture</A><BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Covalent Radius (Å):</TD> <TD>1.22<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Atomic Radius (Å):</TD> <TD>1.37<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>First <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#ionizationenergy" TARGET="_parent">Ionization Potential</A> (V):</TD> <TD>7.899<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electronegativity" TARGET="_parent">Electronegativity</A> (Pauling's):</TD> <TD>2.01<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#specificheat" TARGET="_parent">Specific Heat</A> Capacity (at 300K -- J g<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>):</TD> <TD>0.32<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol):</TD> <TD>334.3<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol):</TD> <TD>31.8<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Electrical Conductivity (at 293K for polycrystalline material -- 10<SUP>6</SUP> <IMG SRC="../misc/oomega.gif" ALT="(ohms)"><SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-1</SUP>):</TD> <TD>3 x 10<SUP>-6</SUP><BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Thermal Conductivity (at 300K -- W m<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>):</TD> <TD>59.9<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Crystal Structure:</TD> <TD><IMG SRC="cubic-face.gif" ALIGN=middle> Cubic, face centered<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#acid" TARGET="_parent">Acid</A>-<A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#base" TARGET="_parent">Base</A> Properties:</TD> <TD><IMG SRC="amphoteric.gif" ALIGN=middle> <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#amphotericoxide" TARGET="_parent">Amphoteric</A><BR></TD> </TR> </TABLE></CENTER> <HR> <CENTER> <A HREF="ptbl_bar.map"><IMG SRC="ptbl_bar.gif" ALT="The Periodic Table of the Elements" BORDER=0 WIDTH=579 HEIGHT=49 ISMAP></A> </CENTER> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-174705-4']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script></BODY>