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Element 23 - Vanadium (V) sound

From Vanadis, a Scandinavian goddess; discovered 1830. Added to steel, vanadium produces one of the toughest alloys for armor plate, axles, piston rods and crankshafts. Less than one percent of vanadium and as little chromium make steel shock- and vibration-resistant.

Properties

Atomic Number: 23
Atomic Weight: 50.9415
Electron Configuration (at ground state): 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2
Oxidation States (Bold most stable): +2, +3, +4, +5
Boiling Point (K): 3650
Melting Point (K): 2163
Density (at 300K -- g/cm3): 6.11
Atomic Volume (at 300K -- cm3/mol) 8.35
Number of stable isotopes: 2
Covalent Radius (Å): 1.22
Atomic Radius (Å): 1.34
First Ionization Potential (V): 6.74
Electronegativity (Pauling's): 1.63
Specific Heat Capacity (at 300K -- J g-1 K-1): 0.489
Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol): 446.7
Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol): 22.8
Electrical Conductivity (at 293K for polycrystalline material -- 106 (ohms)-1 cm-1): 4.0
Thermal Conductivity (at 300K -- W m-1 K-1): 30.7
Crystal Structure: Cubic, body centered
Acid-Base Properties: Amphoteric