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Element 21 - Scandium (Sc) sound

From Scandinavia; discovered 1879. Although no practical uses have yet been found for this metal, its potential is great because it is almost as light as aluminum and has a much higher melting point. A pound of scandium produced in 1960 was the first such quantity made.

Properties

Atomic Number: 21
Atomic Weight: 44.9559
Electron Configuration (at ground state): 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2
Oxidation States (Bold most stable): +3
Boiling Point (K): 3109
Melting Point (K): 1814
Density (at 300K -- g/cm3): 2.99
Atomic Volume (at 300K -- cm3/mol) 15.0
Number of stable isotopes: 1
Mass Number (Bold naturally occurring) -- Half-Life -- Disintigration Type: 46 -- 83.80 days -- beta particle (electron) emission
Covalent Radius (Å): 1.44
Atomic Radius (Å): 1.62
First Ionization Potential (V): 6.54
Electronegativity (Pauling's): 1.36
Specific Heat Capacity (at 300K -- J g-1 K-1): 0.568
Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol): 304.80
Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol): 16.11
Electrical Conductivity (at 293K for polycrystalline material -- 106 (ohms)-1 cm-1): 1.5
Thermal Conductivity (at 300K -- W m-1 K-1): 15.8
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Acid-Base Properties: Slightly basic