CHEMystery: The Periodic Table of the Elements

<BODY BGCOLOR=#000000 TEXT=#FFFFFF LINK=#FF7F00 VLINK=#00CFCF ALINK=#FFFF00> <B><SMALL> <A HREF=".." TARGET="_parent">Return</A> to the Main CHEMystery Page.<BR> <A HREF="../pertable" TARGET="_parent">Return</A> to the Periodic Table of the Elements<BR> </SMALL></B> <H1><FONT FACE="Arial"><I>Element 17 - Chlorine (Cl) <A HREF="17.wav"><IMG SRC="sound.gif" ALT="sound" BORDER=0 ALIGN=top></A></I></FONT></H1> From <I>chloros</I>, or greenish-yellow; discovered 1774. Combining with almost as many elements as fluorine, chlorine is less corrosive but strong enough to be used as a bleach, a disinfectant and a poison gas. Pure chlorine is commonly prepared from ordinary salt (NaCl). <HR> <CENTER><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=2> <TR><TD COLSPAN=2><CENTER><H3><FONT FACE="Arial">Properties</FONT></H3></CENTER></TD></TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#atomicnumber" TARGET="_parent">Atomic Number</A>:</TD> <TD>17<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#atomicweight" TARGET="_parent">Atomic Weight</A>:</TD> <TD>35.4527<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electronconfiguration" TARGET="_parent">Electron Configuration</A> (at ground state):</TD> <TD>1s<SUP>2</SUP>2s<SUP>2</SUP>2p<SUP>6</SUP>3s<SUP>2</SUP>3p<SUP>5</SUP><BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#oxidationstate" TARGET="_parent">Oxidation States</A> (Bold most stable):</TD> <TD><B>-1</B>,+1, +3, +5, +7<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#boilingpoint" TARGET="_parent">Boiling Point</A> (K):</TD> <TD>239.18<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Melting Point (K):</TD> <TD>172.17<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#density" TARGET="_parent">Density</A> (at <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#standardconditionsoftemperatureandpressure" TARGET="_parent">STP</A> -- g/l):</TD> <TD>1.696<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Atomic Volume (liquid state at boiling point -- cm<SUP>3</SUP>/mol) <TD>18.7<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Number of stable <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#isotopes" TARGET="_parent">isotopes</A>:</TD> <TD>2<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD> <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#massnumber" TARGET="_parent">Mass Number</A> (Bold naturally occurring) -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#halflife" TARGET="_parent">Half-Life</A> -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#radioactivedisintegrationseries" TARGET="_parent">Disintigration Type</A>: </TD> <TD> 36 -- 3.01 x 10<SUP>5</SUP> years -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#betaparticle" TARGET="_parent">beta particle</A> (<A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electron" TARGET="_parent">electron</A>) emission<BR> 38 -- 37.2 minutes -- <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#betaparticle" TARGET="_parent">beta particle</A> (<A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electron" TARGET="_parent">electron</A>) emission<BR> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Covalent Radius (Å):</TD> <TD>0.99<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Atomic Radius (Å):</TD> <TD>0.97<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>First <A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#ionizationenergy" TARGET="_parent">Ionization Potential</A> (V):</TD> <TD>12.967<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#electronegativity" TARGET="_parent">Electronegativity</A> (Pauling's):</TD> <TD>3.16<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#specificheat" TARGET="_parent">Specific Heat</A> Capacity (at 300K -- J g<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>):</TD> <TD>0.48<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol):</TD> <TD>10.20<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol):</TD> <TD>0.26<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Thermal Conductivity (at 300K -- W m<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>):</TD> <TD>0.0089<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>Crystal Structure:</TD> <TD><IMG SRC="orthorhombic.gif" ALIGN=middle> Orthorhombic<BR></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#acid" TARGET="_parent">Acid</A>-<A HREF="../reference/glossary.html#base" TARGET="_parent">Base</A> Properties:</TD> <TD><IMG SRC="very-acidic.gif" ALIGN=middle> Very acidic<BR></TD> </TR> </TABLE></CENTER> <HR> <CENTER> <A HREF="ptbl_bar.map"><IMG SRC="ptbl_bar.gif" ALT="The Periodic Table of the Elements" BORDER=0 WIDTH=579 HEIGHT=49 ISMAP></A> </CENTER> </BODY>