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Element 13 - Aluminum (Al) sound

From alumen, or alum; discovered 1827. The most abundant metal, its uses range from toothpaste tubes to airplane wings. Aluminum has largely replaced coppy in cookware because, although less attractive, it is cheaper, lighter, and does not decompose vitamins during cooking.

Properties

Atomic Number: 13
Atomic Weight: 26.98154
Electron Configuration (at ground state): 1s22s22p63s23p1
Oxidation States (Bold most stable): +3
Boiling Point (K): 2740
Melting Point (K): 933.5
Density (at 300K -- g/cm3): 2.70
Atomic Volume (at 300K -- cm3/mol) 10.0
Number of stable isotopes: 1
Mass Number (Bold naturally occurring) -- Half-Life -- Disintigration Type: 26 -- 7.2 x 105 years -- positron emission, orbital electron capture
Covalent Radius (Å): 1.18
Atomic Radius (Å): 1.43
First Ionization Potential (V): 5.986
Electronegativity (Pauling's): 1.61
Specific Heat Capacity (at 300K -- J g-1 K-1): 0.90
Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol): 290.8
Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol): 10.7
Electrical Conductivity (at 293K for polycrystalline material -- 106 (ohms)-1 cm-1): 37.7
Thermal Conductivity (at 300K -- W m-1 K-1): 237
Crystal Structure: Cubic, face centered
Acid-Base Properties: Amphoteric