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Here's some of the examples of the exercises that Rikishi do.
Shiko: A stomping exercise that is great
for developing hip and leg strength, which is crucial in Sumo. Most
Rikishi do about 500 a day.
Teppo: A pushing exercise for the arms and
shoulders. This exercise is done against a large wooden pole. A
rikishi faces it and strikes it with the palms of his hands.
Suriashi: Another leg strengthner, is performed
in a crouching position with the hands bent at the elbows. The rikishi
slides his feet forward, alternating legs.
Matawari: A streching exercise, where a
rikishi sits on the floor with his legs as far apart as possible,
and then leans forward until his stomach touches the floor. Usually
they require assitance, so, another rikishi will push him down farther
or hold his legs apart.
Challenge Matches: These matches take place
after warming up. They are just like the bouts you watch in tournaments,
without the ceremonies. This is also a opportunity for lower ranked
rikishi to challenge higher-ranked rikishi.
Sanban-geiko: A type of stamina training
where two rikishi can challenge each other for a series of matches.
Butsukari-geiko: This exercise is when one
rikishi runs into another and pushes him to the edge of the Dohyo.
Usually, the pushee will throw the attacker down so he can practice
falling properly.
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A Example of Shiko, the stomping exercise

A Example of a challenge match.

A Example of Sanban-geiko, or Stamina Training.
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