It was the Van Rensselaer Potter
who use the term of Bioethics for the first time. Potter is the at first the
scholar in cancer, but he was deeply
interested in the matters of environmental pollution. He thought that because
of the highly population growth and waste of raw materials, the environment
of the earth and ecollogical system was in danger, so if you overlook the state
as it is, Human is sure to be endangered species. He also thought that If we
are to avoid this crisis, thinking place upon the knowledge of Biology, we should
concentrate these various science included social science or cultural sciences,
and we should construct "Wisdom as indicator of human action" in hurry. Then
Potter called it "Bioethics". Namely, As to him, The Bioethics is the science
of survival to overcome the extinction of the environment of the earth, and
to protect the extinction of human.
In the encyclopedia of Bioethics,
however, which was edited by Like who is the researcher of the Research institute
of Kennedy, " 'Bioethics' is used as means that the bioethics is the new English
bone as the compound word 'bio' which means life, with 'ethikos' which means
mores or ethics. this represent the systemical study which interdisciplinarily
purpose the study concerning the atitude of researcher of bio-science or medical
persons concerned." So at the present time, it means diffrent from the potter's
original thinking.
By the way, How does the word of
Bioethics is used as the word which means the medical ethical study?
As you have recognize, though the
Bioethics is thought that it is only the discussion concerning the forefront
medical treatment such as transplantation, cloning, in-vitro fertilization,
and so on. this word should be grasp as the word that means main study subject
concerning the daily medical ezamination, asking treatment, matter of informing
the deseases, explanation of medicine, or the matter of environment which concern
the life of human.
Most doctors have been handed a story
that a doctor should respect the Hippocratic swear which is traced from the
period of Greece, and the atitude which a doctor have to do is that a doctor
devotedly give the medical treatment which he believe it the best, down from
generation to generation for the long time. As a result of that, when the patient
go a hospital, that patients do not know the contents of medical treatment which
he is about to be given, he do not know the medicine which he got, or he do
not know secodary effects which he have been being treated came to increase.
Then this direction changed in 1960s.
In
1960s, in United States of America, there is calm cuba crisis. So what we call
it is stable time of America. In that time, there is many racial discrimination
against the blacks. For example, in the bus, in that time, the whites are allowed
to sit down the foreside, but on the other hand, the blacks force to sit down
the backside. the movement against the racial discrimination have developed
the civil rights movement. The current of that movement effected to consumers'
movement in 1970s after that, and feminism movement, then these movement cut
its way into the medicine which had not reflected the patients' thiking or intention.
To put it another, in order to develop the study of Bioethics, these movement
bone from the political and social background effected storongly to the study
of Bioethics.
By placing on the development of
these movement in the development of Bioethics, it is forgeted that at first
"Bioethics" is used as environmental ethcal issue by Potter. But now the institute
of Kennedy pumped out the intention of Potter by re-estimating the achievements
of Potter. So now the Bioethics come to compose the more holistic and more comprehensive
study system.
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deeply
interested in the matters of environmental pollution. He thought that because
of the highly population growth and waste of raw materials, the environment
of the earth and ecollogical system was in danger, so if you overlook the state
as it is, Human is sure to be endangered species. He also thought that If we
are to avoid this crisis, thinking place upon the knowledge of Biology, we should
concentrate these various science included social science or cultural sciences,
and we should construct "Wisdom as indicator of human action" in hurry. Then
Potter called it "Bioethics". Namely, As to him, The Bioethics is the science
of survival to overcome the extinction of the environment of the earth, and
to protect the extinction of human.
In
1960s, in United States of America, there is calm cuba crisis. So what we call
it is stable time of America. In that time, there is many racial discrimination
against the blacks. For example, in the bus, in that time, the whites are allowed
to sit down the foreside, but on the other hand, the blacks force to sit down
the backside. the movement against the racial discrimination have developed
the civil rights movement. The current of that movement effected to consumers'
movement in 1970s after that, and feminism movement, then these movement cut
its way into the medicine which had not reflected the patients' thiking or intention.
To put it another, in order to develop the study of Bioethics, these movement
bone from the political and social background effected storongly to the study
of Bioethics. 