"DON'T PANIC"
-- the words inscribed in large, friendly letters on the cover of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

This section contains a comprehensive, section-by-section review of the topics covered by the AP Biology exam. However, there are also many other sources in print. A list of such sources is on the references page. The College Board also provides helpful exam information (including copies of past AP Biology tests and free-response questions).

1. Biochemistry
   
   • Chemical Bonds
   • Water
   • Functional Groups
   • Carbohydrates
   • Lipids
   • Proteins
   • Enzymes
   
   
2. Cells
   
   • Cell Theory
   • Animal Cell Structure
   • Plant Cell Structure
   • Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
   • Cell Transport
   
   
3. Cellular Respiration
   
   • General Equation
   • Structure of Mitochondria
   • Glycolysis
   • The Krebs Cycle
   • Electron Transport System
   • Anaerobic Respiration
   
   
4. Photosynthesis
   
   • General Equation
   • Structure of Chloroplast
   • Light (Hill) Reactions
   • Dark (Calvin-Benson) Reactions
   • Photorespiration
   • C₄ Carbon Fixation
   • CAM Pathway
   
   
5. Cell Division
   
   • Structure of a Chromosome
   • Cell Cycle
   • Mitosis
   • Meiosis
   • Mitosis vs. Meiosis
   
   
6. Heredity
   
   • Mendel's Principles
   • Genes and Alleles
   • Monohybrid Crosses
   • Test Crosses
   • Dihybrid Crosses
   • Single Dominance
   • Incomplete Dominance
   • Multiple Alleles
   • Epistasis
   • Pleiotropy
   • Polygenic Inheritance
   • Linked Genes
   • Sex-Linked Inheritance
   • X-Inactivation
   • Nondisjunction
   • Human Genetic Defects
   
   
7. Molecular Genetics
   
   • Experiments
   • Structure of DNA
   • Structure of RNA
   • DNA Replication
   • Mutations
   • Protein Synthesis
   • Operon Theory
   • DNA Organization
   • Recombinant DNA
   
   
8. Evolution
   
   • Early Evolutionists
   • Darwin's Theory
   • Microevolution and Macroevolution
   • Evidence for Evolution
   • Sources of Variation
   • Genetic (Hardy-Weinberg) Equilibrium
   • Agents of Change
   • Natural Selection
   • Speciation
   • Reproductive Isolation
   • Patterns of Evolution
   
   
9. The Five Kingdoms
   
   • Taxonomy
   • Kingdom Monera
   • Kingdom Protista
   • Kingdom Fungi
   • Kingdom Plantae
   • Kingdom Animalia
   
   
10. Plants
    
    • Plant Tissues
    • Structure of Leaves
    • Structure of Stems
    • Transport of Water
    • Transport of Sugars
    • Plant Reproduction
    
    
11. Animals
    
    • Phylum Porifera
    • Phylum Cnidaria
    • Phylum Platyhelminthes
    • Phylum Nematoda
    • Phylum Annelida
    • Phylum Mollusca
    • Phylum Echinodermata
    • Phylum Arthropoda
    • Phylum Chordata
    
    
12. Anatomical Drawings
    
    • The Human Brain
    • The Neuron
    • The Eye
    • The Heart