Neorealist literature of the postwar period has been in substance determined by the situation of the Italian society, formed in consequence of Resistance and the democratic resumption; and just for this, it perhaps introduces more than few misunderstanding that partly reflect the several components of the new society too, or however, of the new political-social situation, since it is impossible that a society can change its structures from the evening to the morning. This point has to be clear, if we want to understand the democratic resumption of Italy after the fall of Fascism and the end of the war: the bureaucracy, the school, the structures of our society, had been in the hands of Fascism for some decades, and a lot of mentalities will remain still fascist also when democracy will seem put into effect; we know, in fact, that many political men of prestige had been jeopardized with Fascism, even if they had tried to create a mantle of virginity and purity. Many men of culture had been honored with university desks from the past regime, many democratic Honorables had been fascist and often federal secretaries of the party; new democracy had risen for wish of the proletarian people and the political democrats, that had discounted many years of political jail and confinement, because they didn’t want to compromise with Fascism. The Church that, during Fascism, had blessed flags, had proclaimed Mussolini the man of the Providence, it had blessed armies that went to massacre the coloured people in Abissinia, now declares itself in clean opposition to the past regime and put in evidence pure political and antifascist men closed to ex Fascist party leaders, proposing them as new teachers of democracy, sometimes inside governments in which communists and socialists collaborated.