Chapter 13: Ionic bonds

1. Valence electrons (outer electrons) [Practice ]
2. Stable electron arrangements for cations (+ ions)
3. Stable electron arrangements for anions (- ions)
4. Ionic compounds
5. Properties of ionic compounds
6. Metallic bonds

Chapter 13

13-1 Valence Electrons [Practice]

- Valence electrons are the electrons in the atoms highest occupied energy level.

- Electron dot structures are used to show how many valence electrons an atom has.

13-2 Stable Electron Configurations for Cations

- Lewis: Octet Rule. Atoms want to ionize to the point where they achieve the valence electron configuration of a noble gas (8 valence electrons).

- Atoms that ionize to cations want to lose enough electrons so that their outer energy level is filled.

13-3 Stable Electron Configurations for Anions

- Atoms that form anions want to gain enough electrons to fill their outer energy level.

13-4 Ionic Compounds

- Ionic bonds: opposites attract.

13-5 Properties of Ionic Compounds

- Most are crystalline solids at room temperature.

13-6 Metallic Bonds

- In metallic bonds, valence electrons fill space between nuclei, which makes bending and hammering of metals possible.

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