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Expert Advice

Eye Spaces

Sometimes , you might think that black group surrounded by white stones in
has two eyes . However , the two points making the eyes are not separated , so this is actually a two point eye space . Since it does not have two separated real eyes , the black group is dead , as shown in


Not all groups with eye spaces are dead . Some are unconditionally alive , others are alive or dead depending on whose move ti is

shows a black group with 3-point eye space . The life and death depends on whose move is it . If it is black turn , he lives by playing the marked stone in

If it's white turns , then he kills black by placing a stone in the middle of the eye space, known as the placement move as shown in

White plays as in the following diagram to prove black death in this case with the final result of black having only one eye .


Another example of dead group is in

If black play 1 , then white will play 2 which kills black . Then it implies that even if it's black turn that the black group is dead , then white will not need to kill it if it was his turn . Another example is in

By playing 1 , the whole group of white is dead . The final shape of the eye will be reduced to 3 points space which is dead in white's turn . A very complicated example is

In this case , there are a seven white stones in a row . Black 1 , also known as hane , reduce the eye space into 3 point space and finally kill it with 5 .

In conclusion , we have to play often to get used to the type of eye space and whether the eye is false or real . The method used here is to try to reduce opponent's space into known pattern that can be killed by techniques like hane and placement move (often used as a combo)


shows a black group with a 4-point eye space . This group is alive as it stands . If white plays 1 in

, then black responds by playing 2 and he has a real eye at the point to the right of 2 , and another 1-point eye to the left of 1 . White cannot play on either of these points without committing suicide .

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