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polarbear cubs

Here's how to tell if you're in the tundra...

penguin Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in forms of dead organic material
Large population oscillations

 The Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. The word Tundra originated from the Finnish word tunturia, meaning treeless plain. There are two types of tundras: arctic tundra and alpine tundra.


This Tundra encompasses the nothern parts of our world. Circling the north pole, it if difficult for vegetation to grow tall. It is for this reason that the majority ofplants that grow there short. arctic cotton grass

Dead organic material functions as a nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorous. Here in the Tundra, decomposition occurs very slowly. Due to the low temperatures, the ground of the Tundra is frozen year round, making decompostion difficult. This year round frost is known as permafrost.
  Continuous nights in the winter and ongoing sunlight during the summer are charateristic of this biome. With these extreme weather differences it gives less then 60 days for the growing season. There is an annual 0 to 24 hour change in day length - there is constant darkness in the winter, and constant sunlight during the summer. stubby, and low to the ground.

 Animals in the Artic adapted to handle long cold winters and to breed and raise young quickly in the short summer. Animals like mammals and birds also have additional insulation such as fat. Many animals hibernate during the winter because food is not abundant. Another alternative is to migrate south in the winter, like birds do. Reptiles and amphibians are few or absent because of the extremely cold temperature. The weather also forces the constant immigration and emigration of the animals.

Animals of the Arctic

arctic hare
  • mammals: lemmings, voles, caribou, arctic hares and squirrels, arctic foxes, wolves, and polar bears
  • Migratory birds: ravens, snow buntings, falcons, loons, ravens, sandpipers, terns, and snow birds, and various species of gulls
  • Insects: mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, blackflies and arctic bumble bees


    location: high on mountains tops at altitudes that are above which that trees can grow. The growing season is approximately 180 days. The nighttime temperature is usually below freezing.

    Animals of the Alpine include:

  • Mammals: pikas, marmots, mountain goats, sheep, elk
  • Birds: grouselike birds
  • Insects: springtails, beetles, grasshoppers, butterflies