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Approaches:
Throughout the course of history, many different approaches to encrypt information have emerged. Beginning with simple ciphers, these methods have developed to their current point of sophistication where computers provide a mechanism for simple and secure forms of encryption.
Each of these methods demonstrates an evolutionary step toward current technologies. Understanding of previous developments can help to provide an understanding of the current workings of cryptographic technologies.
Substitution
Transposition
Hash
Key-Based
Others