[an error occurred while processing this directive] Bibliography:

Permissions and Citations:

  1. Unless otherwise noted, all material on this site was created by Team 28005 for exclusive use on this site.

    2.  
  2. Hieroglyphs at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/hierogly.jpg

    3. August, 1999. Created before 1918.
     
  3. Applet at /28005/applets/wheel/ from http://www.maritime.org/

    4. Wilhelm M. Plotz, cipherclerk@usa.net, August 1999. Copied in accordance with license, which states non-commercial use and distribution is permitted.
     
  4. Pictures of Zimmerman Telegram /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/zimmer_coded.jpg and /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/zimmer_decoded.jpg

    5. National Archives and Records Administration, http://www.nara.gov/. In the public domain.
     
  5. Picture of Choctaw Codetalkers /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/codetalkers.jpg from http://numa.niti.org/users/tushka/choctaw/. Image created before 1918.

    6.  
  6. Pictures labeled as being from the National Cryptologic Museum are photographs taken by Team 28005 while visiting the museum. They should be considered in the public domain. They are these:
      7. /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/enigmakey-sm.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/enigmakey.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/enigma.gif
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/bombe.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/purple.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/purple-sim.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/sigaba.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/nsacomputer2.jpg
      /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/nsacomputer1.jpg
       
  7. Virtual Enigma at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/enigmaapp.shtml from

    8. http://www.ugrad.cs.jhu.edu/~russell/classes/enigma/, Russell Schwager, russells@bristol.com, July 1999. Email message.
     
  8. Turing Bombe simulation applet at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/bombeapp.shtml from http://www.c7.org/ns/bombe/bombeapp.html, Nik Shaylor, nshaylor@tcp.co.uk. In the public domain.

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  9. Navajo codetalker dictionary at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/navajo-dic.shtml from http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-4.htm. Department of defense document. In the public domain.

    10.  
  10. Image of Navajo Codetalker memorial /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/navajotrib3.jpg from

    11. http://mprofaca.cro.net/navajo.html. Mario Profaca, mprofaca@public.srce.hr. Email message.
     
  11. SIGABA applet at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/sigabaapp.shtml from http://www.maritime.org/, Rich Pekelney, pekelney@rspeng.com. Email message.

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  12. Image of National Security agency at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/nsa.gif from http://www.nsa.gov/. Image in the public domain.

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  13. Image of "Kryptos" sculpture at /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/kryptos-sm.gif from http://www.cia.gov/. as well as encoded and decoded text

    14. /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/kryptosencodedtext.shtml and /28005/flashed/timemachine/courseofhistory/kryptosdecodedtext.shtml.
    In the public domain.

  14. Congressional brief on Cryptography at /28005/flashed/contributions/congress.shtml from Email Message with Tonya Sallee. In the Public Domain.
Major On-line Sources:

Anonymous. "WWII/Cryptography Timeline." http://www.gvsu.edu/mathstat/enigma/timeline.htm (Aug 99)

Anonymous. "A Beginner’s Guide to Cryptography." http://ftech.net/~monark/crypto/main.hts (Aug 99)

Barwood, George. "Elliptic Curve Cryptography FAQ." http://ds.dial.pipex.com/george.barwood/ec_faq.htm (Aug 99)

Bishinik (Pulication of the Choctaw Nation). "Choctaw Code Talkers of World War I." August, 1986. http://numa.niti.org/users/tushka/choctaw/code.htm (Aug 99)

Central Intelligence Agency. http://www.cia.gov. (Aug 99)

Cohen, Dr. Frederick B. "A Short History of Cryptography." 1995. http://all.net/books/ip/Chap2-1.html (Aug 99)

Documedia Group. "Secrets of War." http://www.secretsofwar.com/experts/seaman11.html

Ellison, Carl. "Cryptography Timeline." http://www.clark.net/pub/cme/html/timeline.html (Aug 99)

Leech, Marcus. "Turing Bombe Story." http://www.privacy.nb.ca/cryptography/archives/cryptography/html/1998-07/0079.html (Aug 99)

Lucas, Ann M. "Thomas Jefferson’s Wheel Cipher." September, 1995. http://www.monticello.org/Matters/interests/wheel_cipher.html (Aug 99)

National Security Agency. http://www.nsa.gov. (Aug 99)

Pekelney, Rich. "Electronic Cipher Machine (ECM) Mark II". http://www.maritime.org/ecm2.shtml (Aug 99)

Roanoke Times. "Codebreaker." http://www.newrivervaley.com/decode/jg2.html (Aug 99)

Shaylor, N. "Enigma and Turing Bombe." http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/4040/bombe.html (Aug 99)

Shepler, John. "Code Talkers, America’s Secret Weapon." May, 1999. http://www.execpc.com/~shepler/codetalkers.html (Aug 99)

Thomas, Kevin. "Cryptography in the World Wars." http://www.mcs.net/~jgthomas/pages/kmtcryp.html

US Government. "The Zimmerman Telegram." http://www.nara.gov/education/teaching/zimmermann/zimmerma.html (Aug 99)

US Government. "Navajo Code Talkers’ Dictionary". http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-4.htm (Aug 99)

Email Messages:

Jones, Bud. bud_jones@compuserve.com "RE: Cryptography" 20 July 1999. Personal Email.

Sallee, Tonya. Tonya_Sallee@bayh.senate.gov"Re: Encryption" 4 Aug 1999. Personal Email.

Written Sources:

Schwartz, John. "Sculpture’s Code Tests Mettle of Cryptographers. The Washington Post. July 7, 1999.

"Cryptography." Encyclopedia Britannica CD ROM Edition, 1998 edition.

Kahn, David. The Codebreakers. New York: Scribner, 1996.

Wolfe, James. Secret Writing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.