Miss Koe Heong Yin, The Chinese High School, for overall supervision and guidance. Professor Gopalakrishnakone, Department of Anatomy, for National University of Singapore for guidance and the use of milking equipment and the provision of experimental mice. Assistant Professor Lee Yuan Kun, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore for the use of equipment and provision of bacterial cultures. Doctor Niruthanan S, Toxin and venom research group, Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore for supervision in the neuromuscular tests. Mr. Srinivasan, Toxin and venom research group, Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore for supervision in scorpion-milking and mouse- handling. Mr. Low, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore for teaching of techniques for the handling and culturing of microbes. And for those who had offered assistance in one way or another.