REMEMBER LITLE FRIEND!
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT BEFORE ACCOMPLISHING ANYONE OF THESE EXPERIMENTS MUST BE CHECKED BY AN ADULT. YOU MUST FOLLOW STEP BY STEP THE INDICATIONS, PAY MUCH ATENTION ON WHAT YOU ARE DOING.

IF YOU ARE AT SCHOOL IT WOULD BE CONVENIENT TO HAVE THE ADVICE OF YOUR CHEMESTRY TEACHER
SO YOU WILL BE ABLE TO ANSWER AL YOUR QUESTIONS. 

EXPERIMENT No. 1 "Studying the oxygen"
In this experiment you will be able to observe the importance of the oxygen in a combustion and you will understand the properties that some substances have for colouring the flame in a combustion.

You'll need:
- A test tube.
- Potassium Chlorate (KClO₃).
- Bunsen Burner.
- 3 or more small paper balls.

To accomplish this experiment you will have to accomplish the following procedure:
In a test tube put some of potassium chlorate (KClO₃). Carefuly heat the pipe with the flame of an alcohol lamp or the Bunsen burner until the salt is melt. We will observe that after remaining colorless it begins to get muddled. Withdraw now the test tube of the flame and introduce inside it a small paper ball (REMEMBER TO POINT THE MOUTHPIECE OF THE PIPE TOWARD A SAFE PLACE!!!). Did you see how the paper ball was inflamed and burnt uproariously? Did you observe the violet color of the light?

Throw other paper ball and you will observe the same reaction. The experiment could be repeated several times without need reheating the pipe.

The potassium chlorate is a salt formed by potassium, chlorine and oxygen. Upon heating the potassium chlorate, it lets its oxygen to escape and this gas has the property of feeding and favoring the combustion (remember that the oxygen is a very important element in the combustion) and therefore the paper was inflamed and burnt uproariously. The heat produced upon adding each paper ball allows you to repeat the experiment several times without need of heating the pipe again. The violet color that we observe when the paper is burning, is due to the potassium that the potassium chlorate contains, that has the property of coloring the flame of violet color (as already I explained, the particles in suspension of some metals can give color to the flame in combustion).
 
 

EXPERIMENT No. 2 " Oxygen Obtainment from potassium chlorate (KClO₃)"
To accomplish this experiment you will need:
- large trial Pipe (two)                                       - Lamp                                                      - Crystallizer
- perforated Stopper                                         - Two flasks                                              - Teaspoon
- short leant Pipe (two)                                     - Glass Plate                                              - Potassium chlorate (KClO₃)
- long leant Pipe                                                - Manganese Dioxide (MnO₂)
- Support                                                         - double Nut (two)                                     - Burette tweezers (two)

The potassium chlorate is a very known cheap substance, because it is used very often, in the form of small pills, for treating throat illnesses, letting them
to being dissolved in the mouth. The molecules of the potassium chlorate have a chlorine atom, three of oxygen and one of potassium; upon heating it easily loses its three oxygen atoms and becomes other substance called Potassium Chloride (KCl); the reaction that we obtain is:

Procedure:
Fill until half of a large test tube with a mixture with potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) ( 1 part with potassium chlorate and 1/5 of
manganese dioxide). Put a stopper crossed by a detaching pipe as seen in the figure; we heat the pipe, starting from the upper part
of the mixture, and we collect the gas produced in some inverted flasks, by water displacement.

The manganese dioxide is not absolutely necessary and the reaction also would be accomplished without him, but it would have been necessary to heat the substance strongerly. The function that the manganese dioxide has is to facilitate the reaction. These substances are called catalysts, and they are the substances that are capable of accelerating or delaying a reaction's speed.
 

EXPERIMENT No. 3 "Combustion of the sulphur in oxygen"
To accomplish this experiment you'll need:
- large trial Pipe (two)                                      - Burette tweezers                                   - Crystallizer
- perforated Stopper                                        - Lamp                                                    - Glass Plate
- short leant Pipe (two)                                    - Glue pipe                                               - Potassium permanganatte (KMnO₄)
- long leant Pipe                                               - Flask (two)                                           - Sulphur Wick
- Support                                                         - double Nut (two)

Procedure:
In one of the flasks with oxygen, obtained as in the previous experiment, introduce a burning sulphur wick; the combustion will be enlivened very intensely,
being detached some whitish smoke, at the same time that is perceived a characteristic stuffy smell. Then we add some water and some blue dye drops of
litmus, that will get red.

Upon burning the sulphur in oxygen a reaction is produced, consistent in which each sulphur atom is joined with two of oxygen to develop a gaseous combination to the ordinary temperature, called sulphur dioxide, whose formulation is SO₂. Therefore the reaction will be written:

EXPERIMENT No. 4 " Combustion of the Magnesium in oxygen"
To accomplish this experiment you'll need:
- large trial Pipe (two)                                      - Burette tweezers (two)                          - Crystallizer
- perforated Stopper                                        - Lamp                                                    - Glass Plate
- short leant Pipe (two)                                     - glue Pipe                                              - Potassium permanganatte (KMnO₄)
- long leant Pipe                                               - Flask (two)                                           - Magnesium (Mg)
- Support                                                         - double Nut (two)                                   - Litmus Dye
- Diperforated stopper
 

Procedure:
A wire in whose extreme is fixed a magnesium chunk together a very small toothpick chunk whose top should be in ignition, is introduced in the flask full of oxygen, obtained from the same form that in the experiment number 2, . The magnesium will burn with a very intense flame being formed a white ash that will be let to fall in
some water that must will be storaged on the bottom of the flask. Agitate and add some red litmus drops: the dye will change to blue color.

Magnesium is a chemical element whose atoms are represented by the letters Mg. The combustion of magnesium in the oxygen is a reaction, in which an atom
of magnesium is joined to one of oxygen, arising a combination whose formulation is MgO. The reaction is:

The substance MgO is a white solid (the ash that tape leaves upon burned) that is called magnesium oxide, which, upon reacting with the water, produces a  combination called magnesium hidroxide, not very soluble in water. The chemistry formulation is:

This substance made the litmus change to blue color.
 
 

With this I finish the experiment part. I hope you had fun and learned so much mure about fire and combustion.