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The African National Congress (ANC)
The ANC: The ANC, African National Congress, was formed in 1912. Its founders were mission-educated members of the African middle-class who had no intention of overthrowing the white government. They simply wanted to be recognised by white society and have "equal rights for all civilised men". However, by 1944 dissatisfaction was growing against the leadership of the ANC. A group of restive young men, including Nelson Mandela, wanted to invigorate the organisation and challenge the older leaders whom they felt had failed to attack white domination.
In the Cape province, middle class blacks already had the right to vote, based on a qualified franchise. Based on the evolutionary growth of democracy in Britain, the early ANC wanted this right to vote to be extended to the rest of the country, hoping that later the vote would be granted to all the masses.
Frustration with the inadequacy of the ANC led to the development of a number of alternative organisations, the most radical of which was the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union, founded in 1919. The most bizarre of these movements was the Transkei-based cult which believed in Ama Melika, that black Americans would come in ships and planes to wipe out the whites and free the blacks.
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So
what did they do to oppose segregation?