T h e   M a m m o t h   F a u n a .
 House of Mammoth Bones.
  For a long time ago Humans noticed that a correctly split mammoth bone has an equal, very sharp and rigid edge. It can  cut meat and skin, grind sticks, could be used as a knife, and it could be absolutely not worse, than any bone knife. And from rigid bones the Humans have learned to make many other tools: pierces, scrapers, shovels, and from the white tusks - tips of spears. On palaeolithic stands in Western Siberia archeologists found bone tools much more often than stone ones. Academician A. P. Okladnikov even named this period in Western Siberia " The Bone Palaeolithic Age ".
  The tools from mammoth bones were used not only in Western Siberia, but also in other places. The archeologists made an interesting discovery in Ukraine. It turned out that heavy bones and tusks of mammoths were used by the primeval Humans for construction of their dwellings.

 



The plan of the round dwelling from the stand Malta.
  They were driven vertically in ground instead of basic poles, easy long ribs and bones were fastened between them, and the frame of a house was constructed. The roof was supported by the large cerved tusks. Then such dwellings were covered from above by skins, and again pressed down with bones. Ancient Siberians sometimes used the bones of large animals too in construction of houses. For example, in Eastern Siberia about 20 thousand years ago on the stand Malta the wall and the coverings of dwellings were constructed from deer horns.
  For many centuries the whole life of our ancestors was connected with mammoths, and quite often directly depend on them. The primeval Human at the risk of his life, hunted a mammoth, not only for the sake of meat, bones and tusks. After the successful hunting almost all parts of a killed animal were used. From long mammoth hair the Humans learned to twist thin filaments, with which they sew clothes and to weaved strong long ropes. With thick warm pieces of skins they covered floors of their houses, not to feel very cold in winter. The fat was used for filling lamps and fixtures.
  A mammoth tusk was especially estimated. It was very good to do with it. From a tusk the various things and ornaments were produced. Palaeolithic hunters in Siberia especially loved to cut figurines of birds and small female. And Ukrainian archeologists detected even the most ancient musical tools – the rattles from bones and tusks of a mammoth.
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