Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows you to enter and interact with a world that is generated by a computer. Special graphics, video images and stereo sound make this pretend world seem real.
The
uses for virtual reality are wide ranging and cover everything from games
where you can drive a car, fly a
plane, ski down a mountain or
track a dinosaur - to helping train doctors in the art of surgery or
teaching pilots to fly aircraft safety. These computer generated worlds
can be any size - as vast as the universe or as microscopically small as
atoms and molecules.
Uses
Of Virtual Reality
The
uses for virtual reality are infinite. It can be used for air traffic
control, medicine, entertainment, office work and industrial design.
However, along with the good comes the bad. Virtual reality could also be
used for destructive purposes, such as war and crime.
The
idea of virtual reality emerged in the 1930s when scientists created the
first fight simulator for the training of pilots. They wanted to put the
pilote in a real situation before letting him fly.
In
1965, an American, called Ivan Sutherland, hit on a new idea and published
his findings in a document called 'The Ultimate Display'. His idea was to
create a portable, or personal, virtual world using two tiny television
sets, one for each eye. In order to realise this, he also designed a head
mounted display. Although his invention worked, and he did create a sort
of a virtual world, the images were very crude and basic. Another problem
was the helmet - it was extremely heavy and cumbersome and needed to be
supported from the ceiling. It was also very expensive. In the following
years, scientists continued to work on Sutherland's initial idea and great
improvements were made. Then in 1985, Michael McGreevey of NASA/AMES
developed a much cheaper and lighter version of the helmet. He used a
motorcycle helmet and fitted it with mini display screens, and special
sensors which were designed to track movement and were linked to powerful,
but sensitive computers.
The
final piece of equipment for a complete virtual reality kit was a glove.
One had been designed in the early 1980s, but modern virtual reality was
born in 1986 when a computer games programmer, called jaron Lanier,
designed a new glove. This brought the VR helmet and glove kit into
existence for the first time. It was Lanier who gave this new technology
the name Virtual Reality.
Types
of Virtual Realities
There
are three main forms of virtual reality:
-
The first is perhaps the most familiar. It consists of a helmet which has small TV screens and earphones fitted into it, and a glove (some systems use a joystick or wand instead of a glove). The helmet and glove are linked to computers which are programmed with special sounds and graphics.
-
The second form of virtual reality uses video cameras to track the image of the user in a virtual world where you can also pick up or move objects. Both these VR systems allow more than one person to take part at the same time.
-
The final type of VR is where three- dimensional images are played on a large, curved screen. The shape of the screen helps to give you a greater sense of being in the virtual world. By wearing special 3-D glasses, this effect can be greatly improved.
Advantages
Of Virtual Reality
VR
has a lot of positive benefits. It gives disabled people the opportunity
to join in activities not usually available to them. In virtual worlds,
people in wheelchairs, for example, can have a freedom of movement that
they do not have in the real world. At the moment very few people can
afford to buy a VR system. But as the technology advances, lightweight
helmets and more powerful computers will take VR into ordinary homes.
Virtual
reality has very important uses in all types of architecture and
industrial design. Computer Aided Design, or CAD, has been an important
design tool since the mid 1970s, because it allows the user to draw three-
dimensional images on a computer screen. However, unless you have a VR
helmet and glove to project the images on to, you will not be immersed in
your virtual world.
Building
aircraft
Virtual
reality has been a huge boost in the aviation business as it avoids the
need to build several different prototypes (models built to the
By
using VR, designers can design, build and test their aircraft in a virtual
environment without having to build a real aircraft. It also allows the
designers to try out different ideas - all the ideas can be looked at in
detail and they can then select the best one. NASA has used virtual
reality to design a helicopter and Boeing have used it to design their
latest aircraft.
Using
virtual reality, doctors have already been 'inside' a body. At the
University of North
A
virtual body
In
the USA, a murderer who was executed on the electric chair donated his
body to science. His corpse was sliced into very thin sections from top to
bottom and used to create an entire virtual body for medical research.
Soon all medical students will be able to train using virtual bodies
instead of real patients.
On
a microscopic level, virtual reality is being used in drug research.
Scientists at the University of North Carolina are able to create the
molecules and then visualize and 'feel' how they react with each other.
Before the use of virtual reality, this process was very slow and
complicated. Therefore, it is likely that virtual
reality will have a strong impact on the speed with which new drugs and
remedies are developed and become available in the future.
Virtual
reality is also important because it can visualize the unknown or the
unpredictable. This might
lead to virtual reality operators carrying out repairs in space, with the
help of a robot. In a technique called virtual puppetry a robot is
controlled by a skilled operator and mimics all the operator's movements.
The possibilities for virtual reality are enormous. Future residents of new towns will be able to walk around virtual streets, shops, houses and parks before a single brick has beer laid. There are already plans to redesign the whole of the city of Berlin, the capital of Germany, using virtual reality.