Louis PASTEUR

Pasteur was born in Dole in 1822; he is the son of a tanner, he is a pupil of the college of Alpine laburnum in the Vineyard, area of the Jura. Then he continues his studies with the royal college of Besancon. In 1843, he is received at the higher Teacher training school, in 1847, passes his theses of doctorate in physics and chemistry. Since 1848, in 26 years, he publishes a report of crystallography and he becomes famous. Thus he continues this search, while associating crystallography, chemistry and optics, he manages to establish a link between the external form of a crystal, his molecular constitution and his action on the polarized light. Thanks to his search, stereochemistry east creates (fundamental field of biochemistry especially on fonctionnenment of the enzymes). He becomes senior of the Faculty of Science of Lille in 1854. Then, in 1857, he leaves Lille and becomes administrator of the Teacher training school where he manages the scientific studies. Until 1863, he proposes with the academy a continuation of memory on fermentation. In 1862, he is elected with the Academy of Science. Two years later, he builds an experiment which shows definitively that - the inanity had been shown by Spallanzani in 1785 - the theory of the spontaneous generation in the case of the microbes is false. His polemic on this subject with Pouchet, director of the Natural history museum of Rouen, remained famous. In 1865, he works on the disease of the silkworm and saves sericiculture: that constituted the beginning of his work on the infectious diseases. From 1870 to 1886, it studies the micro-organisms which generate diseases. In 1878, he proposes famous " the theory of the germs and his applications to medicine and the surgery " with the Academy of medicine of Paris, in which, he tried to show that micro-organisms are present in the ambient air, and that they can be responsible for various diseases. Heidentifies and develops vaccination of it (the most known vaccine is that against the rage in 1885). Elected at the French Academy in 1881, it is placed at the head of the Pasteur Institute in 1888. He dies in Marl-the-Vain in 1895. Pasteur had a famous contemporary, the German Robert Koch. They and their successors will be worth in France and Germany to share the principal discoveries in bacteriology during decades.