|
Cold War
 |
The Start of Cold War
World War ll was over in 1945, and finally the world seemed to want peace-all but two
forces. The new war to emerge after World War II has since been dubbed the "Cold
War", as there was no fighting or bloodshed like in a "hot war. It involved two
countries in particular (USA and USSR), however its symbolic gesture was the fight for
individual freedom and free enterprise. The United States, not wanting Communism to
continue, tried to contain it with such campaigns as the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
The Soviet Union, trying to establish its position, aided Cuba in setting up Nuclear
Warheads in their country, which was only 90 miles away from the United States.
The Korean Peninsula (where the Korea War took place), Indo-China where the colonial
liberation War to get rid of colony from France occurred, and the Middle East, where the
first Middle Eastern War took place with the establishment of Israel-all these were acts
pertaining to aspects of the Cold War. The exertion of authority of the power to establish
the camp, maintain and strengthen it was concerned with the politics of countries
struggling for flight from colonization. For instance, Indo, Indonesia, Egypt and
Argentina cause the various conflicts with the United State because they have strong
nationalism.
In those days, some countries made an effort to develop its economy displaying the
developmental model of Communism. And in some countries, struggle for independence was
covered with the Communist Party, and they tried to realize its development under
socialism.
Needless to say, its representative was China, and the other countries like North Korea,
Vietnam, Cuba and so on.
Korean War
It was the Korean War that the "Cold War" started to get a little hot. The
Soviets supported North Korea; on the other hand, the United States supported the South
Korea. China was now fighting against the world's strongest military power, the Unites
Sates, and in the end, China sacrificed 950,00 lives and spent more than four billion
dollars.
Surely the three-years of fighting gave the Chinese an opportunity to have something to
fight for and believe in, but most of the heartache and expense fell to the Chinese
people. In other words, this experience of the war and succession of the Cold War made the
leaders of China consider the "world war" with imperialism countries as
inevitable and think the policy that strengthen the military of China as important.
The Other Socialism Countries
In the Soviet Union, after the end of the World War, Stalin carried out the excessive
despotism. Not only inland, but also in capital Eastern European nations such as Hungary,
Poland, Czech Slovakia, Rumania and Bulgaria that had been slot in the power of Soviet
forcibly. The facts were made clear by Khrushchov, the successor of Stalin. Khrushchov
suggested the "line of peaceful compromise", and he maintained that the way to
reach socialism was through a variety of processes. In April 1956, he dissolved Common
form. This caused a flutter in the communist nations, and especially in Eastern Europe the
expectation for liberty got larger.
In the Soviet and Rumania no riots were raised, but in other place they where. In 1956,
the people in Hungary raised a riot, demanding liberation. Hungary recovered the order by
bombardment of by the Soviets. The regime of Janos Kadar appearing after that introduced
the capitalism element and had economical effect, which surprised the world. East German
funds from West German, and prospered relatively. Poland also introduced many funds from
the west but it caused inflation, and the Communist Party was subdivided.
In 1966 and 1977 at Czech Slovakia, "Socialism having the human face" was
liberated from deficiency and the secret police, but it was oppressed by tanks sent by the
Soviet in August, 1968. Ironically, at the same time the demonstration of leftist students
broke out in West German, Paris, London and the United States.
That the other communism countries revised the way gradually had a great impact on China
just starting socialism. After the Hungary Incident, Mao got a lesson. Mao mentioned this;
"The basic problem of the part of eastern Europe was that they doesn't carry out
class struggle throughout." This lesson had an influence on the analysis and the
decision making of Mao when he faced the same contradiction and incidents in China. After
just two or three months from the time when he started cautioning his people, the
Anti-rightist campaign started. Besides, the relation between China and Soviet, the first
socialism nation and the once ideal country for China was getting worse day by day.
|
