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Please note that all pages are written in the Modern Language Association Format. For more information, see MLA Format Defined. |
The most basic model of indirect democracy is the Protective
Democracy. In this model, the primary function of the government is to protect the liberty
of the citizens. The citizenry plays a passive role; representatives speak for their
constituents. British political philosopher Jeramy Bentham disagreed with the
Participatory model, saying that citizens were, by nature, self-interested and competitive
and thus would be watchful against government officials infringing upon their liberties.
The citizens, Bentham reasoned, would check the power of representatives not acting in
their best interest by voting them out of office. Protective Democrats felt that
government should extend only as far as necessary to protect individuals’ rights and
a liberal, capitalist, market society. "Democracy exists so that free competitive
individuals may have and enjoy a maximum of freedom to pursue material wealth" and
other objectives, according to Participatory Democrats (Hudson 10-12). Bentham and British
political philosopher, James Mill called for limitations on the power of the government,
so that it would not behave tyrannically. This can be achieved through the separation of
powers, federalism, and bicameralism. Protective Democracy also ensures political equality
and equal protection under the law. In summary, it is a minimal government existing solely
to protect the liberties of a nation’s citizens (Fragoza; Hudson 10-12).