Chickenpox(varicella) is caused by a virus known as varicella-zooster virus(VZV).This virus causes both chickenpox and shingles.
Chickenpox is transmitted via the airborne route from droplets when a infected person coughs or sneezes.It is mostly a childhood disease, but may recur later in life as shingles.
After an incubation period of 10-20 days, a sore throat is experienced .Then blister-like rashes appear on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes.These will itch and break, forming scabs.Fever(37.8 C to 39.4 C), abdominal pain and malaise may be experienced .Adults will experience worse symptoms than children.In immuno-compromised people or in leukemia sufferers, chickenpox may be fatal.After recovery, the person will be fully-immune to chikenpox.
Acyclovir is useful in treating chickenpox as it slows down the rate where the virus replicates.Calamine lotion may be applied to rashes to prevent itching.Supportive treatment for other symptoms may be needed.
A vaccine is available to prevent chickenpox.A single injection is needed for people under 12 years of age while those over that would require 2 doses of injections.Chickenpox can be prevented also by avoiding contact with infected patients.
