In order to learn about the environment, we must utilize the scientific process.  This requires the collection and analysis of data about all of the different environmental topics we want to study.

If we want to know what were the effects of a nuclear disaster, such as the Chernobyl explosion or the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, we have to study the local population.  This requires gathering data, then trying to discover what the data tells us.

Or, a scientist might want to know about a type of soil near a lake.  To better understand the subject, the scientist will have to collect some of the soil and analyze it.

Often, studies have to be made on a continual and frequent basis to generate the information we require.

Many statistics, such as temperature, pollution levels, or humidity levels, are measured by the day if not by the hour.  Equally important, scientists might take measurements of volcanic or earthquake-related statistics.  Doing so allows scientists to predict future events and understand current ones.

Scientists conducting research ask a variety of questions.  They need to know what to sample, and how to do it.  They need to look at what they are trying to figure out, and what information they need for their work.

Also, scientists have to ask what their data means.  Once they have analyzed this information, they can begin to develop an idea of what will occur in the future.