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dynamics2.gif (411 bytes)







Legend

Fnet

= net force

= mass

= acceleration

Fg

= force of gravity

FN

= normal force

Ff

= force of friction
friction.jpg (21685 bytes)
這個滑雪員能夠前進是因為他用雪棍向後推,他向後推使得他向前滑.沒有了摩擦力,要動或停都很不容易•

摩擦力

大部份的時間我們忽視或者假設很多事情例如我們忽略空氣阻力,假設地心引力是不變的但是如果摩擦力也忽略的話,很多問題無法得到正確答案•

有兩種不同的摩擦力,他們不同的原因很簡單•
比如,當你煞車時而輪胎盡速停下,就是摩擦力助你停止•但是,如果你煞車太大力而輪胎邊轉邊停,你最後仍然停得下來,雖然費時較長•

兩種不同的摩擦力:

靜態摩擦

Force that acts as long as surfaces in contact are not slipping.

動態摩擦

When surfaces in contact are slipping, this is the force acting on it.

摩擦力的方向永遠和摩擦面的方向平行,但和使力的方向相反•摩擦力的大小要基於法向反作用力和地心引力•

 

Ff

=

FN = 靜摩擦係數

Ff

=

FN = 動摩擦係數

摩擦係數是"對平面抓力的數量"•
你可能會覺得當推一樣很重的東西時,最難的是讓他開始移動移動以後便能較輕易推動•
 
Example:

Using a spring scale to demonstrate a certain amount of force can be applied and the block will remain static.

Free-body diagram of what was happening in the previous example

水平向力在一個彈簧秤用在一個不動,重量等於Fg的積木上
摩擦力在積木上面使著相反的力量•

Ff (max) = FN


沒有水平加速會發生直到使出的力量比摩擦力大•

 

 

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