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circular2.gif (523 bytes)




Legend

ac

= centripetal acceleration

v

= velocity
r = radius
Fc = centripetal force
m = mass
FN = normal force
Ff = force of friction
level.jpg (19832 bytes)
車子受到了向心力,同時也受到靜摩擦而不打滑•

平面圓周運動

當我們以圓周運動甩一樣物體然後放開後它會向外飛,因為已經沒有向心力了•

一輛車在平面圓周上開著,它的向心力是那來的? 答案是靜摩擦•所以以牛頓第二定律成為 :

F = ma

靜摩擦,假設車子沒有打滑 :

Ff = ms.gif (149 bytes)FN = mg

向心力 :

ac = v2/r

在這情況下,

Ff = F
mg = ma = mac = mv2/r

所以:

g = v2/r

結果,我們發現靜摩擦係數越大,車子可以開得越快而不打滑•也可以在越小的圓徑開•

Car travelling around a curved road

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