Q1. Scleractinia, the main reef builders, belong to what type of classification?
[A] Spongiae
[B] Mollusca
[C] Cnidaria
[D] Zoantharia
Q2. Reef corals (hermatypic corals) live in symbiosis with which of the following?
[A] Flgellata
[B] Zooxantellas
[C] Polyps
[D] Fungi
Q3. Corals appear in which of the following body forms?
[A] polyps and jelly-fishes
[B] usually polyps, jelly-fishes appears only during generative reproduction
[C] polyps only
[D] polyps, jelly-fishes and larva
Q4. Ectoderm and gastroderm are:
[A] tissues built from many cell layers
[B] epithelia having one cell layer
[C] non-cellular membranes
[D] place were reproductive cells are inserted
Q5. The optimal temperature for coral development is:
[A] from 4°C to 18°C
[B] from 18°C to 36°C
[C] from 25°C to 29°C
[D] from 30°C to 40°C
Q6. Hermatypic corals are not found in what part of the sea?
[A] continental shelf
[B] shallows
[C] on the bottom of the sea
[D] shallow rivers
Q7. Choose the set of cells that are found in corals:
[A] nerve cells, blood cells, sensorial cells, nematocysts
[B] nerve cells, muscular cells, nematocysts, stolons
[C] muscular cells, reproductive cells, sensorial cells
[D] epithelia, chloroplasts, muscular cells
Q8. A polyp is:
[A] a cylinder closed above by a basal disc and below – by a sole
[B] a cylinder closed above by an oral disc and below – by a basal disc
[C] a sac fixed to the substrate by a sole, having arms
[D] a glove fixed to the substrate by an oral disc, having 5 tentacles
Q9. Which of the following situations best gives an example of symbiosis:
[A] coexistence of coral polyps, which belongs to one colony
[B] coexistence of coral polyps, which belongs to different colonies
[C] coexistence of fungi and tree (tree give fungi part of photosynthesis products, in return of it fungi give tree among others auxo-substances and simple nutrition compounds)
[D] coexistence of mafia and shopkeepers (shopkeepers give mafia money, in return of it mafia gives shopkeepers rest)
Q10. What does the ectoderm cover:
[A] The mesenteriae
[B] The mouth
[C] The pharynx and coelenteron
[D] The tentacles and coelenteron
Q11. Corals feed on which of the following?
[A] Snails
[B] Plankton
[C] Algae
[D] Mucus
Q12. Algae need sunlight for which of the following processes?
[A] Photosynthesis
[B] Breathing
[C] Producing skeleton
[D] To see corals when it is dark
Q13. Which of the following processes is not a form of reproduction?
[A] Budding
[B] Transverse division
[C] Longitudinal division
[D] Stration
Q14. The result of fertilization by corals is:
[A] the origin of larva.
[B] pregnancy.
[C] origin of polyp.
[D] origin of jelly-fish.
Q15. The term stration refers to:
[A] the first stadium of zygote
[B] the division of fertilized egg into descendant cells
[C] the transformation of planula into blastula
[D] the transformation of blastula into planula
Q16. In what succetion takes place processes and in follow stages during transformation of fertilized egg into young polyp (some stages and some processes are written twice – under different names)
(I) stration
(II) transformation of embryo having one cell layer into embryo having two cell layers
(III) origin of 32 blastomers
(IV) gastrulation
(V) origin of mouth and tentacles, transformation of primordial coelenteron into fylly growth coelenteron
(VI) fertilized egg (one cell zygote)
(VII) planula
(VIII) fixation of larva to substrate
(IX) blastula
(X) young polyp
(XI) gastrula
[A] VI, I = III, IX, IV = II, XI = VII, VIII, V, X
[B] VI = XI, I = VIII, II, III, IV, V, VII, IX, X
[C] VI, II = V, IX, VIII = IV, I, III, VII, X = XI
[D] VI, I = III, VII, IV = V, IX = XI, II, VIII, X
Q17. The term cailce means:
[A] common skeleton of colony
[B] distal part of skeleton, inhabited by polyp
[C] pare of septa
[D] basal disc
Q18. Coral skeleton can't be produced by:
[A] polyp basal disc
[B] polyp walls
[C] calicoblastic ectoderm
[D] mesenteriae
Q19. Which colony will grow the slowest
[A] young, sphere
[B] young, branched
[C] old, sphere
[D] old, branched
Q20. On which factor doesn't depend the intensity of skeleton's production:
[A] temperature, season of the year
[B] coral shape
[C] coral age
[D] shape of zooxantellas living in symbiosis with corals
Q21. Which depth could be inhabited by coral
Leptoseris fragilis
:
[A] between the surface and 50 meters
[B] between 50 and 100 meters
[C] between 100 and 150 meters
[D] between 150 and 200 meters
Q22. How zooxantellas living in symbiosis with
Leptoseris fragilis
photosynthetize:
[A] they are able to use waves 380-500nm
[B] they use waves 400-720nm, given by corals
[C] they use pigmentary cells from mitochondria
[D] they don't photosynthetize
Q23. In what way are zooxantellas living in symbiosis with Leptoseris fragilis different from zooxantellas living in symbiosis with shallow water corals:
[A] in a method of photosynthetizing
[B] in a method of breathing
[C] in a structure of chloroplast
[D] no difference
Q24. The term stolon means:
[A] horizontally growing cell layer, fixing colony to the substrate
[B] common body of colony
[C] the oldest polyp
[D] the youngest polyp
Q25. The term monopodial growth describes which of the following:
[A] a method of growth typical for the gymnosperms
[B] a method of growth of individual polyp
[C] a method of growth of colony
[D] synonym of dychotomic growth
Q26. In a colony, growing in sympodial way, the youngest polyp is always:
[A] on the top of colony
[B] on the top of colony
[C] on one side of colony
[D] usually on the bottom of colony, but in a few species – on one side of colony
