| 1966:
Genetic code deciphered. |
|
 
|
In 1966, Marshall
Niremberg, Heinrich
Mathaei, and
Severo
Ochoa crack
the genetic code. Previously, in 1961, Francis Crick and Sidney
Brenner
discovered that groups of three nucleotide bases, which
make up a codon, specify amino
acids. Niremberg,
Mathaei, and Ochoa determined what codon sequences
specified each of the twenty amino acids. The cracking of
the genetic code opened the door for the explosion of genetic
engineering
studies and achievements beginning in the late 1970's.
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