When talking about evolution one can have in mind two processes occurring in different scales as far as time and organism type are concerned. Microevolution comprises phenomena happening within one population, which can lead to creation of new species. Changes occurring above a single population level, creation of higher taxonomical units than species, such as orders or genera, are often called macroevolution.

We can study microevolution in nature as well as under laboratory conditions. The very fact of existence of microevolution is described by the Darwin’s theory. Its mechanisms are explained by neo-Darwinism also called the synthetic evolution theory, which combines Darwinism and Mendel’s genetics.

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