The Time Signature
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What is the time signature? 
It is the two numbers that you find at the beginning of a piece. 

Examples:     2        3        4 
                      4        4        4 

The bottom number tells you the type of beats in each bar. 
The top number tells you the number of beats in each bar. 

For example:     2        would imply two crotchets in each bar. 
                          4 

                          3        would imply three quavers in each bar. 
                          8