Before working on an EIS, however, developers must complete an Environmental Assessment, or EA. The EA includes reports from botanists, noise specialists, archaeologists, environmentalists, and other experts who have analyzed the impact of every step of the development--from the construction to after the completion. A 30 day public review period is required, during which the public has the chance to view the EA and give feedback. If the EA proves that there are no significant "impacts," an Environmental Impact Statement is not needed. However, if bones or an endangered species is discovered for example, developers will need to produce a full Environmental Impact Statement.
The Environmental Impact Statement is a more detailed form of the Environmental Assessment. In addition, it takes longer and is more expensive. During the first 3 months of production of the EIS, the consultants (biologists, geologists, etc...) make their reports. If anything is discovered, developers are allowed to alter design plans to adapt to (or avoid) problem areas. After the draft EIS is completed, there is a 45 day review period. Developers are required to respond to all the letters they get and address the concerns in the EIS. Developers then revise the EIS and write it up in final form. Next there is a 60 day waiting period during which community members or government officials unsatisfied with the responses to their concerns can legally challenge the development.
Once the Environmental Impact Statement has been accepted, developers can begin the permit process.
Environmental Impact Statements, or EISs are often required during the course of a development. The need for an EIS is "triggered" by different reasons. Among these "triggers" are use of state funds, use of federal funds, use of federal land, and the need to rezone land. The EIS or EA (see below) is used to apply for different land use permits.
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