Island Prisons: Alcatraz: Timeline

Islands of Infamy

History of the Federal Prison


1933
  • Attorney General Homer Cummings decides to look into the possible use of Alcatraz Island as a location for the super prison he has designed.
  • The Secretary of War gives the Federal Bureau of Prisons permission to use Alcatraz for five years.
  • San Francisco citizens protest the use of Alcatraz as a federal Prison.
  • 1934
  • James A. Johnson chosen as warden of Alcatraz after being a bank official.
  • Thirty-two army prisoners stay on the Island.
  • The first civilians get there from McNeil Island Prison, Washington.
  • Al Capone and Thomas Wareagle arrive from Atlanta.
  • Two private boats are forced to land on Alcatraz and passengers are questioned for many hours before being assisted to mainland.
  • A mat shop opens, recycling tires into naval mats.
  • 1935
  • FBI warns Island staff of breakout attempts by underworld "Big-shots"
  • Joe Bowers tries to kill himself.
  • Vigil Rapp tells Washington State press that Alcatraz is driving the inmates mad.
  • Henri Young arrives at Alcatraz and begins to gather a huge misconduct record.
  • Weyerhaeuser kidnapper Harmon Waley arrives from McNeil Island.
  • Smuggled letters to San Francisco Newspaper names prisoners driven to insanity by Alcatraz authorities.
  • Correspondence courses through University of California Extension begin. Eighty-one prisoners enrol.
  • Installation of clothing factory begins.
  • 1936
  • Released counterfeiter Al Loomis tells press about Alcatraz's Dungeons.
  • First General Strike starts in Laundry due to bad living conditions and the apparent death of an inmate due to appendicitis. Warden locks strikers in cells and dungeons.
  • Last strikers go on hungerstrike and are fed by tube feeding.
  • Joseph Bowers is shot while climbing up outside incinerator fence.
  • Alvin Karpis arrives.
  • Henry Larry publishes inside account of his life at Alcatraz.
  • 1937
  • Assistant Warden C.J. Shuttleworth transfers to Leavenworth. E .J. Miller promoted to replacement.
  • San Francisco News publishes A.W. Davis 's account of life at Alcatraz.
  • Bernard Paul Coy arrives on Alcatraz.
  • One hundred men strike.
  • Burton Phillips attacks Warden Johnson in mess.
  • Edward Wutke commits suicide.
  • Ted Cole and Ralph Roe escape but are presumed drowned in San Francisco Bay.
  • 1938
  • Warden Johnson receives another warning about potential breakout of Arthur Barker.
  • Bryan Conway's "20 months in Alcatraz" is published in the Saturday Evening Post.
  • Tool proof window bars along seaward side of Model Industries Building installed.
  • U.S. Supreme court rules that prisoners in federal felony trials are entitled to a court appointed lawyer if they cannot afford one.
  • Whitney Franklin leads an escape attempt over the roof of the Model Industry building. Officer Cline and convict Limmerick are killed in attempt.
  • Al Capone develops paresis of the brain due to untreated syphilis.
  • Sam Shockley arrives.
  • P. W. Reed's "Murder on Alcatraz" is published
  • Al Capone is sent to Terminal Island to finish the last year of his sentence.
  • 1939
  • Arthur Barker shot while trying to escape from Alcatraz.
  • Coroner expresses concern at lax security.
  • Joe Varsalona and Bernard Paul Coy get into fight in kitchen and Coy is stabbed.
  • Attorney General Francis Murphy calls Alcatraz "Horror Spot " and promises that it will be closed.
  • Warden James Johnson defends Alcatraz as humane institution.
  • Al Capone's roommate in hospital, Carl Janaway is transferred to Medical Centre for Federal Prisoners.
  • Former Attorney General Homer Cumming's "Why Alcatraz is a Success " appears in Colliers
  • 1940
  • Fire in Mat shop
  • Hungerstrike
  • Joseph Vigorous attacks John McGlone for no apparent reason
  • Joseph Paul Cretzer and Arnold Kyle arrive on Alcatraz after attempting to escape McNeil Island.
  • Henry Young stabs Rufus McCain
  • General Strike
  • 1941
  • New Industry Good Time Regulation take effect
  • The Chronicle runs front-page story claiming Cole and Role have been living in South America.
  • Part of Alcatraz's harbor used by army for prewar campaign.
  • John Bayless almost drowns in escape attempt.
  • Henri Young attempts suicide
  • Anti-aircraft units put on cell house roof
  • "Birdman" Robert Stroud is transferred from Leavenworth.
  • 1943
  • Fred Hunter and Floyd Hamilton lead escape attempt over Model Industries. Officer Boarman dies and Hamilton was believed to have drowned until he was later found in a cave.
  • Cecil Wright is discharged from Alcatraz
  • Robert Stroud files petition of Habeas Corpus on grounds of bad treatment and unjust solitary confinement.
  • William Martin sent to Springfield Mental hospital
  • Faulty Christmas tree lights cause fire in res.
  • Carbon tetrachloride distilling unit explodes in dry cleaning plant.
  • 1944
  • Prisoners not allowed having seconds at meals as wartime waste reduction.
  • Fire in net shop stops wartime production briefly
  • Cecil Wright recommitted
  • Anti-aircraft units removed from Alcatraz
  • Alcatraz Argus first edition published
  • Storm destroys part of dock.
  • 1945
  • Cigarette causes fire in laundry
  • Rufus Franklin stabs Henri Young and is placed in solitary confinement
  • Work stoppage in remembrance of Roosevelt's death
  • Clarence Carnes arrives and is youngest prisoner at 18
  • President Truman commutes Thomas Robinson's death sentence.
  • Claude Branch beaten to death by Ralph Greene
  • 1946
  • Dr. Romney retires as Chief Med. Officer and Dr. Robinson replaces him
  • James Grove murders Ben McMiller
  • Marines intercept in bloody last attempt to break out by Bernard Paul Coy, Marvin Hubbard and Joseph Cretzer. Two guards and the three are killed.
  • Alcatraz provided with weaponry from Benecia Arsenal.
  • Food rationed for hungry European children
  • Shockley, Carnes and Thompson found guilty of mutiny; Shockley and Thompson receive death penalty.
  • 1947
  • Warden is forced to return Benecia Arsenal weaponry due to automatic capabilities
  • Byron Eshelman becomes new Protestant chaplain
  • Riot prevention features added to Cell House
  • Blankets catch fire in laundry
  • Dr. Robinson transferred to Springfield and replaced by Dr. Richard S. Yokum.
  • Deputy Warden Miller transferred to Leavenworth and Paul Madigan replaces him.
  • 1948
  • Cecil Wright released
  • Warden Johnson retires at 72
  • Henri Young transferred to Springfield
  • Shockley and Thompson executed in San Quentin
  • James Bennett recommends replacing Alcatraz.

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