Geometry: Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles

On this page we hope to clear up problems that you might have with isosceles and/or equilateral triangles.  These kind of triangles are special triangles, and if you read on, you'll be able to better understand the peculiarities of each type of triangle.


Definitions

An isosceles triangle has two congruent sides called legs and a third side called the base.  The vertex angle is the angle included by the legs.  The other two angles are called base angles.  The base angles are congruent.  The example figure depicts an isosceles triangle with all the parts labeled.

An equilateral triangle is a special triangle in which all three sides are congruent.  Equilateral triangles are also equiangular, which means all three angles are congruent.  The measure of each angle is 60 degrees.  The example figure depicts an equilateral triangle with all the parts labeled.


Special Rules

There are a few special rules you ought to remember when dealing with isosceles and/or equilateral triangles.  They are outlined below.

1.  If a triangle is equilateral, it is equiangular.
2.  If two angles of a triangle are congruent, they are the base angles of an isosceles triangle.
3.  If a triangle is equiangular, it is equilateral.

By keeping those rules in mind and the definitions of isosceles and equilateral triangles in mind, you can solve all kinds of problems.

Example:

1.  Problem: Find AB and AC on the triangle depicted
             in the accompanying figure.
   Solution: Since angle A is congruent to angle C
             (information is given in the figure), segment AC is
             the base of an isosceles triangle (see Rule 2 above).
             Because of that, we know that the two legs of the tri-
             angle (AB and BC) are congruent.  There-
             fore, AB = 5.
             We also know that all triangles are made of three
             angles that have measures that when added together
             equal 180 degrees.  With that information, we can set
             up an equation to find the measure of angle B.

             60 + 60 + B = 180

             Solving the equation gives us 60 for B.  That 
             tells us that the triangle is equiangular.
             Rule 3 above says that all equiangular triangles
             are also equilateral.
             If the triangle is equilateral, then all the sides have
             the same measure.
             Therefore, AC also equals 5.
         
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Take the quiz on isosceles and equilateral triangles.  The quiz is very useful for either review or to see if you've really got the topic down.


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Math for Morons Like Us -- Geometry: Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles
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