Dr. Jose Vergara Ahumada is one of our team's coaches from Chile.   He is very interested in weather predictions.  We met Dr. Vergara online and he seemed very interested working with us a coach for our ThinkQuest team. Our team thought it was very interesting to communicate with someone from Chile. Dr. Vergara speaks very little English, primarily Spanish, so at times it is very difficult to communicate with him. However, we thought it was very exciting to work with someone from South America. He can be reached via email at jvergara@dgf.uchile.cl or at his homepage at http://metosrv2.umd.edu/~jose/.

Blackadar, Alfred. "Meteorology". Microsoft Encarta 1998.  Microsoft.   This article was very useful for us while producing our introduction to meteorology.

Christian is our dedicated coach from Germany.  We met him online and discussed via the internet whether he would be interested in coaching our team for a Thinkquest project.  We chose him as our coach because he seemed interested, and we were intrigued at the prospect of having a coach from Europe.  Christian is student of business administration and communications design in Germany. He sees his future in the field of design, marketing and advertisement.  Born to German/American parents, Christian is bilingual and has American citizenship.  He plans to further his study in America later.  His assistance on the "El Niņo" website consisted mainly of guidance in the conception of navigation. .

We would like to cite Command-O Software for our use of their mailfile CGI script.

NBS News Correspondent George Lewis reports in this article from MSNBC about predicting El Niņo.  This page also contains an exciting Shockwave Movie which explains the effects of El Niņo is North America.  This information helped us in producing our interactive maps of the United States of America.

This site by Christina Johnson is a very in-depth site about the cuases and the effects of EL Niņo which uses pictures and diagrams to beatifully explain El Niņo.  Visit this site at http://www.elnino.com.

Visit ABC's site on the internet which contains many feature articles on El Niņo's causes and effects.  Or you can click here and see what the search of "El Niņo" results from their site.

This page by Kimberely Amaral from UMASS Dartmouth discusses well the effects of the 1982-83 El Niņo.  Included also is a linkto her thesis paper about El Niņo.

This page by ESIG/NCAR discusses in depth what El Niņo teleconnections are and, more importantly, what is being done about them.

Fairbridge, Roads.  "Climate".  Microsoft Encarta 1998.  Microsoft.   This articles was very helpful throughout the entire Impacts section.

FEMA is an organization formed in 1979 which produces reports to the President and also information about natural disasters.  We have made our best effort by including an entire section, The Preparation, which will hopefully increase awareness of how to act and prepare for these disasters.  FEMA's goal, to quote from their web site, is "to reduce loss of life and property and protect our nation's critical infrastructure from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, risk-based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery." 

Glantz, Michael H. Currents of Change: El Niņo's impact on climate and society.   Published in 1996 at Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.  This book was a great source of information for the site; it was useful especially for information for our interactive maps.  We have also used Mr. Glantz's definition of El Niņo in our Name and Meaning section and throughout our site.

We would like to heartily thank Susan Gee from JPL/NASA/Caltech for giving us permission to use much information on the TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite through email.   We have credited data, media clips such as the countdown of the satellite, the satellite in action [QuickTime Movie], and pictures of satellites in our Prediction Methods section to JPL/NASA/Caltech.

Please visit this site which contains up-to-minute information about the La Niņa summit ogranized by Michael H. Glantz and NCAR/UNEP and the National Science Foundation.

Nicholls, N.  The El Niņo/Southern Oscillation phenomenon.  1986, New York, UN Publications.  Nicholls' definition of the phases for El Niņo is the most common one accepted; thus, it is used in our Phases of El Niņo section. 

We would like to acknowledge the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for allowing us to use data for the pinnipeds.

Visit this site by ABC news which shows how to prepare for "Hell Niņo".  This site also contains an interactive map which shows the effects of El Niņo.  It contains information from Mr. James Lee Witt, director of FEMA.

Partridge, I. J..  Will it Rain?  Brisbane: Department of Primary Industries, 1991.  A quote from book was presented in our Benefits of Predictions Section.

Much of our data has been provided courtesy of RE Media.  RE Media has given us permission through phone to use the roofing interviews, interviews with Pierre Tardif about flooding insurance, the job of climatologists with Mr. Mark Moede from the NWS, and the computer produced images of Kelvin and Rossby Waves courtesy of Dr. Steven Myers.  RE Media has also been gracious enough to allow us to use images with proper citations throughout our site, and especially in our Impacts section. 

If you would like more detailed information on the effects of El Niņo of seals, please visit this site by ABC news.

We would like to thank Jayakrishan for allowing us to use his freeware site Search CGI script, and letting us modify it for our needs.

In-depth information about the social economic costs of El Niņo is provided in this page by the Earth Science Research Group.

We would like to thank Mr. Don Wittekind for allowing us to use the 3D models in our overview through email.  Mr. Wittekind is the Graphics Director for Sun Sentinel South Florida.

The Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) Project Office, Dr. Michael J. McPhaden, Director,   produces data, information, and diagrams on E Niņo, La Niņa and other natural phenomenons.  Their page on the web can be visited at TAO Project Home.

Thinkquest is the annual competition for 12-19 year old students which this site has been created for.  We are very gracious to Thinkquest for allowing us to collaborate to produce a site which they host.  Their page on the web can be reached at http://www.thinkquest.org.

This is a site maintained by JPL/NASA that speaks about the job of the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite using altimeters and other instruments. This site was very helpful to us in the production of the Prediction Methods section. http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/discover/ocean_planet.html

This is a site maintained by JPL/NASA that provides an exicitng tutorial about the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite.  This site is amust for anyone who wishes to learn more about the satellite or predictions in general. http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/tutorial1.html

Trillmich, Fritz and Ono, Catherine.  Pinnipeds and El Nino.   Published in 1991 by Springer-Verlag. Information from this book was presented in our Impacts on Pinnipeds Section.

http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/tutorial1.html

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