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1. Choose right (R) or wrong (W):
Living matter is formed, mainly, by carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
The oxygen that is present in the atmosphere is liberated from the CO₂ gas used in photosynthesis.
The chemical element oxygen is important to the composition of the organic matter and for the aerobic respiration.
Automobiles that use gasoline as fuel depends on the autotrophers organisms.

2. Organisms that are indispensable to the development of the cycle of matter in a food chain are:
a) producers.
b) primary consumers.
c) secondary consumers.
d) consumers of any level.
e) decomposers.

3. In a food chain formed by plants, grasshoppers, rabbits, hawks, herbivorous insects, snakes and decomposers, the number of primary and secondary consumers in the trophic levels is, respectively:
a) 2 and 2
b) 3 and 1
c) 1 and 3
d) 2 and 3
e) 3 and 2

4. Why does a unidirectional flow of energy exist in the Biosphere rather than a cycle of energy?


5. Cultivated soil needs to be fertilized continually with materials that contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In your opinion, why is it necessary?


6. To answer questions 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3, consider the following phrases:
I) A group of populations of different species living in a region.
II) In this region, the physical and chemical factors characterize the environment, influencing the organisms
III) The populations of this group interact with each other, and are influenced by the environment. They can influence the environment too.

6.1. The first phrase is related to:
a) ecosystem b) population c) biocenose d) biosphere e) energy

6.2. The second phrase is related to:
a) ecosystem b) population c) biocenose d) biosphere e) energy

6.3 The third phrase is related to:
a) ecosystem b) population c) biocenose d) biosphere e) energy

7. Considering the general characteristics of the energy in an ecosystem, we can affirm that:
a) the amount of energy increases as we stood back of the producer.
b) the producers always present the higher energetic level
c) the energy accumulated by an organism is totally transferred to the organism that feed on this one.
d) the energy present a multidirectional flow.

8. What is the ecological category constituted by the animals of same species?
a) community b) population c) ecosystem d) consumers e) biosphere

9. Considering the capacity of an organism to get its own food, answer:
a) would plants continue to exist if all animals die? Why?
b) would animals continue to exist if all plants die? Why?


10. Choose right (R) or wrong (W).
Rains are abundant in tropical forests because their plants eliminate lots of water in the vapor form.
Decomposers are important in a community because they turned the minerals available to the cycle of matter.
Phytoplankton are the unique producers in waters.
A raising in the number of producers in a community is followed by a raising in the number of consumers.

11. Consider the following phrases, about the ecosystems:

I. Interrelationships exist between biotic and abiotic components.
II. The flow of energy is unidirectional and diminishes through the levels.
III. As far as we stay from the producers, the energetic level raises.
IV. The energy presents a multidirectional flow.
V. The matter used by the organisms can be reused by the community.

What are the correct phrases?
a) I and II.
b) I, II and IV.
c) I, II and V.
d) I, III and IV.
e) II, III and V.

12. Consider the following food chain:

plant --> insects --> birds --> reptiles

From the following options, which will produce the fastest raise in the number of plants?
a) a raise in the number of insects.
b) a raise in the number of reptiles.
c) a raise in the number of birds.
d) a diminish in the number of birds.
e) a diminish in the number of reptiles.

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