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naming of non-binary compounds
Sometimes you will run into ions which have more
than one atom. We call these polyatomic ions. These "species", when
combined into a compound, are discrete units and generally don't
change during most chemical reactions. Here are some examples of
how to name them:
| Na2CO3 |
sodium carbonate |
CaSO4 |
calcium sulfate |
Ba(OH)2 |
barium hydroxide |
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naming non-binary phosphate compounds containing
more than one type of positive ion
The non-metals of groups IA to VIIIA have valences
that are easily gotten from the periodic table. The major
exceptions to this are polyatomic ions, combinations, or two or
more elements that act as a new element Here are some really useful
ones:
| acetate
(CH3COO)-1 |
Carbonate
(CO3)-2 |
Phosphate
(PO4)-3 |
| nitrate
(NO3)-1 |
sulfate
(SO4)-2 |
Pyrophosphate
(P2O7)-3 |
| nitrite
(NO2)-1 |
Sulfite
(SO3)-2 |
Arsenate
(AsO4)-3 |
| hydroxide (OH)-1 |
Thiosulfate
(S2O3)-2 |
Arsenite
(AsO3)-3 |
| hypochlorite (ClO)-1 |
peroxide
(O2)-2 |
ferricyanide
(Fe(CN)6)-3 |
| chlorite
(ClO2)-1 |
chromate
(CrO4)-2 |
Ferrocyanide
(Fe(CN)6)-4 |
| chlorate
(ClO3)-1 |
Dichromate
(Cr2O7)-2 |
| perchlorate
(ClO4)-1 |
silicate
(SiO3)-2 |
| Permanganate
(MnO4)-1 |
oxalate
(C2O4)-2 |
| cyanide (CN)-1 |
| bicarbonate
(HCO3)-1 |
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naming non-binary compounds containing two positive
ions
To name non-binary compounds containing two
positive ions, one of which is hydrogen, do the following:
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| Give the name of the positive ion other than
hydrogen. |
| Use the letters BI to indicate the
hydrogen. |
| Give the proper name for the negative ion
using the above rules. |
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Here are some examples using the above instructions:
| NaHSO4 |
sodium bisulfate |
KHSO4 |
potassium bisulfate |
NaHCO3 |
sodium bicarbonate |
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naming non-binary phosphate compounds containing
more than one type of positive ion
To name non-binary phosphate compounds containing
more than one type of positive ion, one of which is hydrogen, do
the following:
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| Give the name of the first positive ion
prefixing the term mono or di to indicate how many
atoms of it are present. |
| Give the name of the second positive ion
prefixing the term mono or di to indicate how many
atoms of it are present. |
| Give the proper name for the negative ion -
phosphate in this case. |
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Here are some examples using the above instructions:
| NaH2PO4 |
monosodium dihydrogen phosphate |
K2HPO4 |
dipotassium monohydrogen phosphate |
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