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vsper model
The Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR)
Model is a model that states electron pairs in a molecule will be
as far apart from one another as they can be because they repel
each other. In a molecule that has two valence shell electron pairs
the electrons tend to be on opposite sides of the central atom. If
there are three electron pairs around the central atom they are in
a trigonal planar shape. With four electron pairs the arrangement
is called a tetrahedral arrangement. With five electron pairs the
arrangement is called trigonal bipyramid. With six electron pairs
the arrangement is called an octahedren. Here is a table for quick
reference.
| type of hybrid
orbitals |
# bonding pairs around
central atom |
# lone pairs around
central atom |
Shape |
| sp |
2 |
0 |
linear |
|
| sp2 |
3 |
0 |
Trigonal
Planar |
|
| sp3 |
2 |
2 |
bent |
|
| sp3 |
3 |
1 |
trigonal
planar |
|
| sp3 |
4 |
0 |
tetrahedron |
|
| sp3d |
2 |
3 |
linear |
|
| sp3d |
3 |
2 |
T-shaped |
|
| sp3d |
4 |
1 |
distorted
tetrahedron |
|
| sp3d |
5 |
5 |
trigonal
bipyramid |
|
| sp3d2 |
4 |
2 |
square
planar |
|
| sp3d2 |
5 |
1 |
square
pyramid |
|
| sp3d2 |
6 |
0 |
octahedron |
|
Linear
 Trigonal Planar
 Tetrahedron
 Trigonal Bipyramid
 Octahedron
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