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Het Deltaplan

The Delta planWhat is a delta?

The Delta-works: this is the name of the project of building dams and dikes since 1953 in Zeeland, Zuid-Holland and Noord-Brabant. It is given this name because the Schelde-delta is involved. But what is a delta?
Het Topshuis A delta is the area near and at the mouth of a river. Mostly this area is enclosed by small braches of this river. The soil is made of small particles of clay, sand and pebbles. Delta’s are found all over the world but especially on places where there is not a strong flow in the river and there in no strong current parallel to the coast. Sometimes a delta isn’t a delta at all. Some "deltas" are made by the sea and not by a river. They lay in the mouth of the river but are made by the sea. Mostly these are also called deltas because they look very much like them.
Rijn Maas and Schelde

"The Netherlands is the delta of the rivers Rijn, Maas and Schelde" that’s what everybody says about the Netherlands. They are right when they say that we live in the mouth of those rivers, but we don’t live in a delta. The Netherlands were made by sand and mud that was placed on the shores by the sea, and of course by human hands. Every time when the sea made the land a little bit higher, the Dutch people placed a dike around it. In that way they created the landscape we have till today. Little polders and dikes around it.

The Dutch "fake delta"
The Netherlands and also Zeeland are not real Deltas. Probably this is related to the history. Zeeland and pieces of Brabant and Zuid-Holland had so many little islands and small rivers that it almost looked like a delta.
De delta in de amazone Amazone

De Amazone is the longest river of South-America. 6400 km long. He begins in the Mountains of the Andes and flows trough Brazil towards the Atlantic Ocean. In its mouth is a real delta that’s 200 km width. The delta of the Amazone is capricious. It consists of small Islands and swamps.

Ganges en Brahmaputra

Bangladesh is the delta of the two great rivers Ganges en Brahmaputra. Originally the rivers had their own delta. Because of mud and sand the both rivers take with them on the way to the sea they got more width and eventually flooded into each other. At the moment the both rivers are going in South-East direction. At the map you can see that in the west of the main river now there are the remains of the old path of the river Ganges. Today the delta is made of small rivers and low laying swamps. Almost every year there floods in Bangladesh. This can happen because the rivers not very deep so the water is spread out over a width path. Because to little dikes are made complete

De delta in de Ganges
islands are washed away, and the people who lived on them drowned.
De delta in de Nijl Nile

The delta of the river the Nile in Egypt begins briefly after it has passed Cairo. A long time ago the Niles delta consisted of 7 main rivers. Today there are only two left. The others end in sandbariers made at the cost by sand from the river.

 

"--Egypt consisted almost completely of desert, but half of it’s population has a job in the agriculture. In the rainy season the Nile is so big that it goes beyond it’s borders. After the raining season, when the water goes back to it’s normal level, the river leaves a little layer of mud. On that mud the Egypt people can farm for more than one year. The water for the farms comes out a intelligent dams and irrigation system.--"

Mississippi

The Mississippi is the longest river of North-America. With it’s 3780km length and a height from 500 meters to zero it runs very slow. In that way it was possible to sail up the river. Because it lacks speed the mouth of the river is has very very much edged. The delta of the Mississppi by five ‘arm’ that flow all in the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi places about 340.000 m3 of mud and sand at the end of the river. In that way the delta makes itself a way further into the sea. Yearly the delta makes about 90 meters new ground in the sea.

The delta of the Mississippi
Other important deltas around the world are:
In Europe, the Donau, the Rhone en the Wolga;
In Asia the Indus, Mekong en the Jangtsekiang;
In Africa the Niger;
In South America the Orinoco.