In the fashion world the 30's served as a bridge between the carefree styles of the Roaring 20's and the war focused utility centered look of the 40's. The stock market crash of 1929 was felt in the economies of the western world sending many into a harsh period of economic and social depression. For many in the United States the depression conjured images of mass unemployment and bread lines. In many cases fashion mirrored these feelings: hemlines dropped and popular colors included black, navy, gray, in the cities, and brown and green for Autumn, while the afternoon and evening were often characterized by black and pastels. President Franklin Roosevelt promised a return of prosperity with his New Deal employment relief programs and fireside chats with the American public. Many people found escape and revitalization in the glamour of the Cinema. The introduction of sound in 1927's "The Jazz Singer" proliferated in the 30's with 'all talking all singing, all dancing spectaculars'. Women from all over the world looked to the Silver Screen's goddesses Claudette Colbert, Joan Crawford, Greta Garbo, Jean Harlow, Marlene Dietrich, Mae West for style. Not only did the movie showcase clothing and the Art Deco locales, the actresses portrayed a new type of woman. In this decade the carefree flappers of the 1920's were replaced by "modern" women elegant, articulate and self-sufficient. The silhouette of the new women was also drastically different. Curves replaced the boyish figure of the 20's, waistlines were back in place and shoulders began to broaden. An important innovation was the bias cut backless evening gown with a halter neck, which shaped itself to the body of the wearer.