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The rate at which the carbon dioxide from the pole escapes is quite rapid. However, the rate at which absorbed carbon dioxide is released from regolith might be quite slower! This rate will be in direct proportion to the rate at which a temperature increase that we create on the surface can penetrate the ground. If we assume that the Martian regolith is a lot like dry soil on Earth, with some ice included, the rate at which heat spreads through ground would be governed by the laws of thermal conductivity. As a result, a reasonable estimate would be about 16 square meters per year. With the assumption that the Martian soil is 5 percent carbon dioxide, due to the fact that zeolite minerals at Martian temperatures take on 20 percent of the gas when exposed to it, it would take about one year to penetrate four meters. With an increase in temperature of 10 degrees Kelvin, it would take 25 years to produce an atmosphere of about 100 millibars. Eventually the greenhouse gasses released would increase the temperature to above the freezing point of water. At this point, the frozen water in the ground would liquify, flowing to the dry river banks. In addition, the water vapor would add to the greenhouse gasses, which would accelerate the planet warming process. Although these assumptions are based on theoretical values, they are still valid, and can be refined when we send explorers to Mars. Nevertheless, it is clear that a 10 degree increase can be easily gained through an innovative use of the greenhouse effect. This method is much easier than the brute force methods of engineering a Martian heat wave. |