Within compliance of the Thinkquest rules, this page will provide the sources to where information, which is both text and illustrations, was borrowed. You can scroll down the list and view the pages, or you can select the underlined titles in this introduction to view the information.
Definitons of El Niņo, La Nina,
and ENSO - U.S.
Department of Commerce/ NOAA
So What is an El Niņo, Anyway? - Scripps Instituion of
Oceanography
Frequently-asked-questions
about El Niņo - Bill Kessler, Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory, NOAA
El Niņo and Climate Prediction - NOAA (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
What is an El Niņo? - U.S. Department of Commerce/ NOAA
Global Wind Patters - University of Illinois
Coriolis Force - University of Illinois
"Volcanoes and El
Niņo" - C. Claiborne Ray, New York Times-Science Times,
4/28/98
Equatorial
Pacific SSTs Falling Rapidly -
International Research Institute
Pictures:
1998
El Niņo - El Niņo-Southern Oscillation Page
Upwelling
Diagrams - Upwelling
View or Return to El Nino Basics.
Back to Introduction.
Past El Niņos and Their Impact:
The Canadian El Niņo Bulletin - Environment Canada
1982-1983 El Niņo: The worst there ever
was - The
Center for Climate Analysis
Global Wind Patterns - University of Illinois
Winter of 1982/83 - Dr. Dewpoint
Warm North...Differences this Year From
1982/83 - Dr. Dewpoint
Pictures:
1982/83
El Niņo Picture - 1982-1983 El Niņo: The worst there ever
was
View or Return to Past El Ninos and Their
Impact
Back to Introduction.
Pictures:
World
Map - Joe
Palombini
View or Return to World Forecast and Review
Back to Introduction.
Winter Outlook Update - Dr. Dewpoint
Winter Storms: Lake Effect Snow - The Weather Channel
Pictures:
North
America's Winter Impact
- COAPS Library: El Niņo Resource Center
View or Return to U.S. Winter Forecast
Back to Introduction.
Review and Forecast for Canada:
Canadian Meteorological Centre. - Candadian Meteorlogical Centre
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter
Precipitation - Joe
Palombini
Spring
Temperatures - Joe
Palombini
Spring
Precipitation - Joe
Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
Canada
Back to Introduction.
Review and Forecast for South America:
Forecasts and Impacts of El Niņo. - International Research Institute
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter
Precipitation - Joe
Palombini
Spring
Temperatures - Joe
Palombini
Spring
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
South America
Back to Introduction.
Review and Forecast for Europe:
Forecasts and Impacts of El Niņo. - International Research Institute
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
Spring
Temperatures
- Joe Palombini
Spring
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
Europe
Back to Introduction.
Review and Forecast for Africa:
Forecasts and Impacts of El Niņo. - International Research Institute
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter Precipitation - Joe Palombini
Spring Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Spring Precipitation - Joe Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
Africa
Back to Introduction.
Forecasts and Impacts of El Niņo. - International Research Institute
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
Spring
Temperatures - Joe
Palombini
Spring
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
Asia
Back to Introduction.
Review and Forecast for Australia:
Forecasts and Impacts of El Niņo. - International Research Institute
Pictures:
Winter Temperatures - Joe Palombini
Winter
Precipitation
- Joe Palombini
Spring
Temperatures
- Joe Palombini
Spring
Precipitation - Joe
Palombini
View or Return to Review and Forecast for
Australia
Back to Introduction.
30
Year Averages - NCDC
View or Return to U.S. Winter Comparison
Back to Introduction.
What is La Niņa? - U.S. Department of Commerce/ NOAA
Equatorial Pacific SSTs Falling
Rapidly -
International Research Institute
The Canadian El Niņo Bulletin - Environment Canada
Pictures:
1988/89
La Nina -
What is La Niņa?
1998/99 La Nina - El Niņo-Southern Oscillation Page
View or Return to La Nina Information
Back to Introduction.