Terms

Muckrakers

Authors and writers that exposed the corruption of industries and politcal machines.

New Nationalism

Policy of Theodore Roosevelt that promoted strong government for regulation and social reform.

New Freedom

Policy of Woodrow Wilson that wanted to bust all trusts and stated that neither a strong government nor reform was needed.

Elsctions of 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912

1900-McKinley
1904-Teddy Roosevelt
1908-Taft
1912-Wilson

The Wisconsin Idea

Robert LaFollette's progressive ideas--Initiative, Referendum, and Recall.

Meat Instpection Act

Showed end in food abuses.

Niagrara Movement

NAACP, W.E.B. DuBois.

NAACP

Formed by the Niagra Movement, fought for Black rights.

National Urban League

Helped Blacks find jobs in cities.

Dingley Tariff

High tarriff.

Payne Aldrich Tariff

Also a high tarriff.

Underwood Tariff

Lowest tarriff in years. Issued the first income tax.

New Amendments

16^th-income tax
17^th-direct election of senators
18^th-Prohibition
19^th-Women Suffrage

Clayton Antitrust Act

Improved the Sherman Antitrust act to end corruption in buisness. Called the "Laborer's Magna Carta."

Socialist Party

Led by Eugene V. Debs, supported government ownership of everything.

Bull Moose Party (Progressive Party)

Party in which Roosevelt ran under in 1912.

Hepburn Act

ICC could set maximum railroad rates.

Lochner v. New York

New York law limiting baker working hours was unconsitutional.

Muller v. Oregon

Law limiting hours for women was legal.

Mann-Elkins Act

Allowed ICC to regulate rate hikes and force equal rates.

Ballinger- Pinchot Affair

Taft was a conversationist who established the Bureau of Mines. However, one incident destroyed his reputation. Richard Ballinger, the secretary of the interior, believed that Roosevelt had been wrong not to sell certain lands; therefore, he made the lands available for sale. Taft agreed with Ballinger and eventually fired an angry Pinchot for insubordination. Progressives were incensed when Ballinger was cleaned of any wrong doing. Roosevelt and Taft ended their friendship over this incident.

Federal Reserve Act

Created 12 Federal Reserve Banks to issue paper money. It provided regulations on money flow and more elastic money supply.

Federal Trade Commission

Empowered to investigate unethical buisness practices.

Trustbuster

Title of Teddy Roosevelt, however, he only busted the corrupt trusts, not all of them.

Personalities to Remember:

Upton Sinclair- Wrote The Jungle ~about abuses of the meat packing industry
John Spargo- Wrote The Cry of the Children ~about the effects of slums on children
Ida May Tarbell- Wrote The History of Standard Oil ~muckraked about the Standard Oil trust
Frank Norris- Wrote The Octopus ~about how the Railroad Industry hurt the farmers
Lincoln Steffens- Wrote The Shame of the Cities ~about corruption in the cities
Jacob Riis- Wrote How the Other Half Lives ~about wealthy people
Henry Demarest Lloyd- Wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth ~about how business tycoons were hurting the poor
Theodore Roosevelt- New Nationalsim
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson- New Freedom
Robert LaFollette- The Wisconsin Idea
W.E.B. DuBois- Niagra Movement, Civil Rights activist
Booker T. Washington- Civil Rights activist
William James Pragmatism-people have free will, and they can change scientific forces
Lester Frank Ward- stressed education
Henry George- wrote about tax on unearned income, The Single Tax
Edward Bellamy
Thorstein Veblen- "Conspicuous Consumption"- overspending of the wealthy
Carrie Nation- Temperance
Charles A. Beard Wrote- An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.- Believed Constitution should be interpreted for each generation
John Dewey- stressed education with labs, problem solving
Federick Law Olmstead- designed parks for children in cities (Central Park)
The Chautauqua Movement- lectures for adults to learn new things
Mark Twain- wrote in realism
Frank Lloyd Wright- architect that followed the principle "Form Follows Function"
Louis Sullivan- "Form Follows Function"
Washington Gladden- The Social Gospel Movement
Walter Rauschenbusch- The Social Gospel Movement
Jane Addams- Social Justice Movement
Lillian Wald- Social Justice Movement