Terms

10% Plan

Lincoln's Plan for Reconstuction. 10% of Southernors of a state would take an oath to the US supporting emancipation. Then a state government would be created. Confederate leaders could not take the oath and had to apply for a pardon from the president. Relatively lenient.

Wade-Davis Bill

Radical Republicans controlled by military governors, majority had to take a loyalty oath, denouce secession and slavery, did not purposely support Confederacy. Pocket vetoed by Lincoln.

Black Codes

Southernors used these Codes so Blacks could not gain many rights.

Freedmen’s Bureau

Helped freedman to receive education, and helped them to find jobs.

Sharecropping

Freedmen would rent land and paid it by giving a significant portion of their crop.

New Amendments

13^th-prohibited slavery
14^th-All citizens have same rights.
15^th-can not deny voting rights because of race.

Civil Rights Act

Intended to give Blacks civil rights, however the South found ways to avoid it.

Military Reconstruction Act

Divided the South into five military zones, each with a military governor.

Tenure of Office Act

Can not remove a cabinet member without the approval of the Senate. Andrew Johnson tested this law and was brought before impeachment precedings.

Impeachment

The Charging of a federal crime to a president in an effort to remove him from office.

Carpetbaggers

Northernors who went to the South to vote Republican.

Scalawags

Southernors who voted Republican

Ku Klux Klan

Racist organization which terrorized Blacks.

Election of 1876 "The Stolen Election"

Hayes and Tilden disputed critical electorial votes, that would determine the winner of the election. Hayes was given all the disputed electorial votes after the Comprommise of 1877.

Compromise of 1877

Withdrew troops from the South, ending Reconstruction.

Grandfather Clauses

If your Grandfather could not vote, you could not vote. Used to prevent Blacks from voting.

Literacy Tests

Must pass literacy test in order to vote. Used to prevent Blacks from voting.

Poll Taxes

Must pay tax to vote. Used to prevent Blacks from voting.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Doctrine of "Separate but Equal" upheld the Jim Crow Laws.

Williams v. Mississippi

Restrictions on voting are legal. (Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes)

Guinn v. U.S.

Grandfather Laws are illegal.

Atlanta Compromise

Given by Booker T. Washington proclaiming blacks should search for economic improvement before political improvement. Supported Silent Accomidation, meaning tolerating discrimination.

Niagara Movement

Started by W.E.B. DuBois eventually leading to the formation of the NAACP.

"Forty Acres and a Mule"

What Republicans wanted to give to former slaves. Was not passed.

Personalities to Remember:

Abraham Lincoln- 10% Plan
Andrew Johnson- Impeached
Thadeus Stevens- Radical Republican in the House
Charles Sumner- Radical Republican in the Senate
John Wilkes Booth- Assassinated Lincoln
Ulysses S. Grant- 18^th President of US
Rutherford B. Hayes- Wins the "Stolen Election"
Samuel J. Tilden- Loses the Election of 1876
Booker T. Washington- Atlanta Compromise
W.E.B. DuBois- Believed in action for Civil Rights. Niagara Movement.