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Tessellations of Quadrilaterals
 

1. Introduction
2.
Technique: Rotations
Around Midpoints
Introduction
Knowing techniques for tessellating any triangle, we proceed to consider quadrilaterals. Quadrilaterals, four-sided polygons, have one more side than triangles do, making them the next logical step. Let's consider the arrangement of polygons around a single vertex, such as we did earlier with regular polygons and triangles. Is there a way to arrange the quadrilateral around a point so as to perfectly fill 360 degrees?

 

Technique: Rotations Around Midpoints
Recall that the sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral is 360 degrees. If we managed to fit one of each of the four angles of a quadrilateral around a point, then the 360 degrees would be filled exactly.

Different Ways to Arrange the Four Angles of a Quadrilateral Around a Point

There are many different ways to arrange the angles of a quadrilateral around a point to fill 360 degrees. Note that around each vertex, there is one copy of each angle. (The angles of a quadrilateral total 360 degrees.)

As you can see from the examples, most of the arrangements will not tessellate, mainly because the sides of the triangles do not line up. Let us try to keep sides lined up.

Rotation Technique (animated)

Rotating the quadrilateral around the midpoints of its sides produces an arrangement that will tessellate.

This technique can be used to make a tessellation out of any quadrilateral.

 

Additional examples:

Example Quadrilateral Tessellation

An application of the technique. The shaded area represents the pattern produced by repeated rotations.

 

Example Quadrilateral Tessellation

An application of the technique. The shaded area represents the pattern produced by repeated rotations.

 

Example Quadrilateral Tessellation

An application of the technique. The shaded area represents the pattern produced by repeated rotations.

 

In summary, any quadrilateral will tessellate using the technique of rotations about the midpoints of the sides.

A real example of a tessellation
of quadrilaterals obtained
by the above technique:


Now, experiment yourself! (No template required.) Draw any quadrilateral and use the technique described above to create a tessellation.

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