Egypt: Rulers

This list of Egyptian rulers covers everything from the Early Dynastic period which started in 2920 B.C to when Egypt was ruled by Byzantine Emperors (the last of which ended 565 A.D.). It is important to note that historians disagree whether or not Egypt still retained its own identity when it was controlled by other powers, and a discussion of that late period after the Empire's power waned and it was controlled by others does not appear in the Egypt section of the Reference Library. However, those rulers are presented here for those who need that information.

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD

1^st Dynasty (2920 - 2770 B.C.)

• Menes (Aha)
• Djer
• Wadj
• Den (Udimu)
• Anendjib
• Semerkhet
• Kaa

2^nd Dynasty (2770 - 2650 B.C.)

• Hetepsekhemwy
• Reneb
• Ninetjer
• Peribsen
• Khasekhemwy

OLD KINGDOM

3^rd Dynasty

• Sanakhte (Nebka) 2650 - 2630 B.C.
• Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630 - 2611 B.C.
• Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) 2611 - 2603 B.C.
• Khaba 2603 - 2599 B.C.
• Huni 2599 - 2575 B.C.

4^th Dynasty

• Snofru 2575 - 2551 B.C.
• Khufu (Cheops) 2551 - 2528 B.C.
• Radjedef 2528 - 2520 B.C.
• Khafre (Chephren) 2520 - 2494 B.C.
• Menkaure (Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472
• Shepseskaf 2472 - 2467 B.C.

5^th Dynasty

• Userkaf 2465 - 2458 B.C.
• Sahure 2458 - 2446 B.C.
• Neferirkare Kakai 2446 - 2426 B.C.
• Shepseskare Ini 2426 - 2419 B.C.
• Raneferef 2419 - 2416 B.C.
• Niuserre Izi 2416 - 2392 B.C.
• Menkauhor 2396 - 2388 B.C.
• Djedkare Izezi 2388 - 2356 B.C.
• Wenis 2356 - 2323 B.C.

6^th Dynasty

• Teti 2323 - 2291 B.C.
• Pepy I (Meryre) 2289 - 2255 B.C.
• Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2255 - 2246 B.C.
• Pepy II (Neferkare) 2246 - 2152 B.C.

FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

7^th and 8^th Dynasties (2150 - 2135 B.C.)

9^th and 10^th Dynasties (2135 - 1986 B.C.)

11^th Dynasty

• Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2074 - 2064 B.C.
• Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2064 - 2015 B.C.
• Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2015 - 2007 B.C.
• Montuhotep II 2007 - 1986 B.C.

MIDDLE KINGDOM

11^th Dynasty

• Montuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986 - 1956 B.C.
• Montuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956 - 1944 B.C.
• Montuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944 - 1937 B.C.

12^th Dynasty

• Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) 1937 - 1908 B.C.
• Senwosret I (Kheperkare) 1917 - 1872 B.C.
• Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) 1875 - 1840 B.C.
• Senwosret II (Khakheperre) 1842 - 1836 B.C.
• Senwosret III (Khakaure) 1836 - 1817 B.C.
• Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) 1817 - 1772 B.C.
• Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) 1772 - 1763 B.C.
• Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763 - 1759 B.C.

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

13^th Dynasty

• 21 kings for circa 63 years, then
• Neferhotep I 1696 - 1686 B.C.
• Sihathor 1685 - 1685 B.C.
• Sobekhotep IV 1685 - 1678 B.C.
• Sobekhotep V 1678 - 1674 B.C.
• Iaib 1674 - 1664 B.C.
• Ay 1664 - 1641 B.C.
• 9 kings for circa 20 years

14th Dynasty

15th Dynasty

• Salitis
• Bnon
• Apachnan (Khian)
• Apophis (Auserre Apepi)
• Khamudi

16^th Dynasty

17^th Dynasty

• Tao I (Senakhtenre)
• Tao II (Sekenenre)
• Kamose (Wadjkheperre)

NEW KINGDOM

18^th Dynasty

• Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) 1539 - 1514 B.C.
• Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) 1514 - 1493 B.C.
• Thutmose I (Akheperkare) 1493 - 1481 B.C.
• Thutmose II (Akheperenre) 1481 - 1479 B.C.
• Hatshepsut (Maatkare) 1473 - 1458 B.C.
• Thutmose III (Menkheperre) 1479 - 1425 B.C.
• Amenhotep II (Akheperure) 1427 - 1392 B.C.
• Thutmose IV (Menkheperure) 1392 - 1382 B.C.
• Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) 1382 - 1344 B.C.
• Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten 1352 - 1336 B.C.
• Neferneferuaten 1341 - 1337 B.C.
• Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) 1337 - 1336 B.C.
• Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) 1336 - 1327 B.C.
• Ay (Kheperkheperure) 1327 - 1323 B.C.
• Horemheb (Djeserkheperure) 1323 - 1295 B.C.

19^th Dynasty

• Ramesses (Ramses) I (Menpehtyre) 1295 - 1294 B.C.
• Seti I (Menmaatre) 1394 - 1279 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) II (Usermaatresetepenre) 1279 - 1213 B.C.
• Merenptah (Baenrehotephirmaat) 1213 - 1203 B.C.
• Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203 - 1200 B.C.
• Seti II (Userkheperuresetepenre) 1200 - 1194 B.C.
• Siptah (Akhenresetepenre) 1194 - 1188 B.C.
• Tausert (Sitremeritamun) 1188 - 1186 B.C.

20^th Dynasty

• Setakht (Userkhauremeryamun) 1186 - 1184 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) III (Usermaatremeryamun) 1184 - 1153 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) 1153 - 1147 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) V (Usermaatresekheperenre) 1147 - 1143 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) 1143 - 1136 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) VII (Usermaatresetepenre) 1136 - 1129 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) 1129 - 1126 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) IX (Neferkaresetepenre) 1126 - 1108 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) X (Khepermaatresetepenre) 1108 - 1099 B.C.
• Ramesses (Ramses) XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) 1099 - 1069 B.C.

21^st Dynasty

• Smedes 1070-1044 B.C.
• Amenemnisu 1040 B.C.
• Psusennes I 1040-992 B.C.
• Amenope 993-984 B.C.
• Osochor 984-978 B.C.
• Siamun 978-959 B.C.
• Psusennes II 959-945 B.C.

22^nd Dynasty

• Shoshenq I 945-924 B.C.
• Osorkon I 924-909 B.C.
• Takelot 909--? B.C.
• Shoshenq II ?--883 B.C.
• Osorkon II 883-855 B.C.
• Takelot II 860-835 B.C.
• Shoshenq III 835-783 B.C.
• Pami 783-773 B.C.
• Shoshenq IV 773-735 B.C.
• Osorkon IV 735-712 B.C.

3^rd Dynasty

• Pedubaste I 828-803 B.C.
• Osorkon IV 777-749 B.C.
• Peftjauwybast 740-725 B.C.

24^th Dynasty

• Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720 B.C.
• Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715 B.C.

25^th Dynasty

• Shebaka 712-698 B.C.
• Shebitku 698-690 B.C.
• Taharqa 690-664 B.C.
• Tantamani 664-657 B.C.

26^th Dynasty

• Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610 B.C.
• Psammetichus II 610-595 B.C.
• Apries 589-570 B.C.
• Amasis 570-526 B.C.
• Psammetichus III 526-525 B.C.

27^th Dynasty

• Cambyses 525-522 B.C.
• Darius I 521-486 B.C.
• Xerxes I 486-466 B.C.
• Artaxerxes I 465-424 B.C.
• Darius II 424-404 B.C.

28^th Dynasty

• Amyrtaios 404-399 B.C.

29^th Dynasty

• Nepherites I 399-393 B.C.
• Psammuthis 393 B.C.
• Hakoris 393-380 B.C.
• Nepherites II 380 B.C.

30^th Dynasty( the 30^th Dynasty is the last dynasty that contained Egyptian kings)

• Nectanebo I 380-362 B.C.
• Teos 365-360 B.C.
• Nectanebo II 360-343 B.C.

31^st Dynasty

• Ochus (Artaxerxes III) 343-338 B.C.
• Arses 338-336 B.C.
• Darius III Codomannus 335-332 B.C.

GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD (332 B.C. - 395 A.D.)

Macedonian Kings - Alexandria

• Alexander the Great 332-323 B.C.
• Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316 B.C.
• Alexander IV 316-304 B.C.

Ptolemaic Dynasty

• This period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in agreement on the order of reigns and (in some cases) the reigns themselves from Ptolemy VI through Ptolemy XI. In any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of Cleopatra, at which time Egypt was overpowered by Rome.
• Ptolemy I Soter I 323-285 B.C.
• Ptolemy II Philadelphus 282-246 B.C.
• Ptolemy III Euergeter I 246-222 B.C.
• Ptolemy IV Philopator 222-205 B.C.
• Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205-180 B.C.
• Ptolemy VI Philometor 180-164 & 163-145 B.C.
• Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145 B.C.
• Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 170-163 & 145-116 B.C.
• Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 & 88-80 B.C.
• Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88 B.C.
• Cleopatra Berenice 81-80 B.C.
• Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80 B.C.
• Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 & 55-51 B.C.
• Berenice IV 58-55 B.C.
• Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47 B.C.
• Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV 47-44 B.C.
• Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30 B.C.

Roman Emperors

• Augustus 30 B.C. - 14 A.D.
• Tiberius 14-37 A.D.
• Gaius Caligula 37-41 A.D.
• Claudius 41-54 A.D.
• Nero 54-69 A.D.
• Vespasian 69-79 A.D.
• Titus 79-81 A.D.
• Domitian 81-96 A.D.
• Nerva 96-98 A.D.
• Trajan 98-117 A.D.
• Hadrian 117-138 A.D.
• Antoninus Pius 138-161 A.D.
• Marcus Aurelius 161-180 A.D.
• Septimus Severus 193-211 A.D.
• Geta, Caracalla 209-217 A.D.
• Diocletian 284-305 A.D.

Byzantine Emperors

• Constantine 323-337 A.D.
• Theodosius 379-395 A.D.
• Justinian 524-565 A.D.